Keresés

Keresési eredmények

• Hol van a Bihari Hegyköz központja? Központ-e Szalárd, vagy a kisrégió Nagyvárad vonzásában él?

  61-72

  Szendrei Ákos

  Megtekintések száma:

  0

  The development or stagnation, regression of market towns can be interesting not only from the point of view of urban development for history or social sciences, but can also largely determine/reflect the life and possibilities of a given region, thus, the market towns themselves are closely related to the history of the region around them. The aim of my study is to outline the process during which the trajectory of a region that had been developing for centuries and had several urban settlements and market towns was broken, and the demographic and urbanization processes that had been noticeable within the region until then regressed and withered away. At the end of the review, I would also like to find an answer to why this phenomenon occurred. In the first half of the article, I present the demographic development of the region. There was no major break in the population of the Hegyköz settlements until the first third/middle of the 17th century, its population was approx. 10,000. After this, by the end of the Turkish era, the number of people living here decreased considerably (1692: 6,000 people). Then, in the 18th century, the area inhabited almost exclusively by Hungarians was repopulated with the help of a significant number of Romanians and a smaller Slovak and Swabian population, and in 1787 the number of inhabitants was already 18,000 (Hungarians made up approx. 70%). In parallel with the demographic and ethnic development of the population, the religious affiliation of the people living there also largely changed. While almost only Roman Catholics lived in the region until the Turkish era, in the 17th century, as a result of the rapid spread of the Reformation, the majority of Hungarians became Reformed. The majority of the Romanians, who appeared in large numbers during the resettlement, represented an Orthodox but growing Greek Catholic population, while the Slovaks and Swabians were Roman Catholics. The industrialization and modernization that took place in the second half of the 19th century had a positive effect on the number of people living here, which already exceeded 30,000 by 1910. In the 20th century, however, there was first a further increase of less intensity (1941: 34,196 people), then a large-scale decrease in the population. As a result, according to the data of the 2002 census, the number of inhabitants does not even reach 25,000, which corresponds to the level of 1880. Meanwhile, by the beginning of the 21st century, the number of Hungarians decreased to approx. 60%, and that of Romanians to approx. 36%. 75% of Hungarians are Reformed, 25% are Roman Catholic, and Romanians – as a result of the banning of Greek Catholicism in 1948 – are almost entirely adherents of Orthodoxy. Based on the demographic and historical geographical changes of the region, we can see that the settlements of the ’Bihari Hegyköz’, which played a central role in certain stages of the period between the 10th and 17th centuries, Bihar (Biharia), Adorján (Adrian), Szentjobb (Sâniob), Szalárd (Sălard), as well as Hegyközcsatár (Cetariu) and Micske (Mișca), halted in their development during and after the Turkish conquest. And after that, even though they kept their viability thanks to resettlement in the 18th century, they completely lost their central roles during the modernization that began in the last third of the 19th century, the disintegration of historical Hungary and the changing systems ofthe 20th century. Nagyvárad (Oradea), located in the immediate vicinity of Bihari Hegyköz, became the central place of the region.

• Bihar megye román megszállása, 1919–1920

  93-109

  Perczel Olivér

  Megtekintések száma:

  1

  In our study, we concentrate on the Romanian occupation of the area of Bihar county. For this topic, we have used documents of deputy-lieutenants, and death records from the settlements of the county, the press data from Oradea and Salonta in Hungary, as well as the local history literature. For the time being, we have not been able to examine Romanian resources, so the occupation can only be described on the basis of Hungarian archival documents. We briefly discuss the conflicts in the region and their consequences, and we present everyday life.

• Adalékok a Debreceni Egyetem Tanácsköztársaság és román megszállás alatti történetéhez

  79-92

  Tóth Ágnes

  Megtekintések száma:

  1

  When the Royal couple visited Debrecen on 23 October 1918 to attend the inauguration of the University “Clinic” site, nobody could have predicted that upcoming events would soon shatter the state order of Hungary and fundamentally determine the country’s fate. The town received the news of the monarch appointing Mihály Károlyi as head of government on 30 October. Citizens of Debrecen gathered in front of the Town Hall and demanded the display of the national flag. Soldiers pinned cockades in the national colours in place of their cap badges. The National Council of Debrecen was formed and joined the Hungarian National Council on 1 November. When the Republic of Councils was declared on 21 March 1919 in Budapest, the Directorate was also formed in Debrecen. However, the “glory days” of the Republic of Councils did not last long here, as
  Romanian forces occupied the town only a month later on 23 April 1919. When the Romanian occupiers left on 11 March 1920, they left a ransacked and impoverished town in their wake. The University of Debrecen had three faculties in those days, namely the Faculties of Reformed Theology, Law and Liberal Arts. The Faculty of Medicine was under organisation. In October 1919, Béla Sz. Kun, dean of the Faculty of Law initiated an investigation into the conduct of every lecturer and employee of the University during the time of the Republic of Councils. The investigation was later extended to include the period of the Romanian occupation. This study set out to review the public disciplinary proceedings against lecturers non-exhaustively, mainly on the basis of sources in the archives. The author demonstrates through the examples of a number of disciplinary procedures how retaliations happened in the Horthy-period.

• Visszapillantás a Római Katolikus Egyházmegyei Levéltár és Könyvtár első húsz évére

  39-53

  Takács József

  Megtekintések száma:

  1

  In 1993, Pope John Paul II in his decree starting with Hungarorum gens regularized the borders of the Hungarian Roman Catholic dioceses, and established the Debrecen-Nyíregyháza Episcopate including Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg and Hajdú-Bihar counties as a new diocese (besides that of Kaposvar). The memorandum of association of the Diocesan Archives was signed by Nándor Bosák diocesan on 30th December 1995. The collection including the archives and library was formed to save the book and document materials of the priestless parishes of the diocese (and the filias belonging to them). The registration as public private archives took place in 1997. Since the autumn of 2001, it operates with regular opening hours. The section-level settlement of the documents of the 38 handled parishes was completed in 2013, its fondlist was finished by the spring of 2014. In 2015, the institution moved to a separate building at 17 Varga str. Researchers are also offered an expanding themed, singificantly increasing amount of manual library to choose from. Its first publication: Katolikusok Debrecenben (Catholics in Debrecen) 1715-2015 was released in 2015.

• A legrégebbi fennmaradt bihari toronyóra története, avagy a belényesi óraper

  5-23

  Emődi András

  Megtekintések száma:

  1

  The paper discusses the history of the oldest surviving church tower clock of Bihar county. Installed in 1757, the clockwork is one of the earliest products of the Aszalai workshop of Debrecen. The specialty of its history stands in the fact that it used to be the subject of a decade of controversy, even law suit, surrounding the conflicts related to its repairs and maintenance between the Roman Catholic parish and the Calvinist-dominant city administration.

• Előzetes jelentés Álmosd-Téglavető dűlő lelőhelyről

  29-45

  Balázs Ádám

  Nagy Gergő

  Megtekintések száma:

  1

  This article describes the 2017 archaeological investigation of the site called Álmosd-Téglavető-dűlő Álmosd, carried out by the Déri Museum in preparation for the installation of an OGD gas pipeline. The site in question was discovered to include ceramic evidence of Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Sarmatian Roman-Empire Age, and Medieval Ages during the preliminary field survey. A Scythian bronze arrowhead was discovered concurrent to the survey via metal detection. Furthermore, this report details the findings of the site's two-phase excavation. The initial excavation phase discovered seven objects, including six Bronze Age pits and one Mediaeval pit. The second phase was needed because OGD located three additional archaeological objects; the ensuing excavation ascertained that one object dated to the Bronze Age, one came from an unknown time period, and the remaining object was a Sarmatian warrior grave. In summation, this article details the archaeological significance and broader implications of the site and further promotes the importance of considering the materials found therein within the context of local parallels.