Keresés

Keresési eredmények

• Szatmár és Várad kapcsolata az 1613. évi Báthory–Bethlen fejedelemváltás idején

  63-69

  Mohácsi Endre

  Megtekintések száma:

  0

  1613 is an important date both in the history of the Royal Hungary and of the Principality of Transylvania. In this year, the Turks put an end to the reckless and inordinate political career of Gábor Báthory, helping his former devotee, Gábor Bethlen, into the throne of Transylvania. With this, a long blooming started in the life of the Principality. The centre of Bihar county, the castle of Várad played an important strategical role already during the 15-Year War, Várad meant the gate to Transylvania. The Royal Hungary put efforts into getting the castle back – in vain – even after the death of Gábor Báthory. András Nagylucsei Dóczy received order for the turning over of Várad first as a royal commissioner, and then as the chief of the Castle of Szatmár. In my study, I present the relationship of the two castles in the closing days of the principality of Gábor Báthory based on the extensive correspondence of the chief of Szatmár.

• Fejedelmek hajdúkiváltságolásai, adományai, telepítései. Körösszeg sajátos esete

  5-27

  Papp Klára

  Megtekintések száma:

  1

  The princes of Transylvania would have gladly followed the example of Bocskai, who settled the hajdú soldiers, but they did not have significant land available for donation. Therefore, the hajdús who undertook princely service received various and different privileges. In 1653, the Transylvanian collection of laws included 20 hajdú settlements from Bihar. However, 40% of these do not have known privilege letters. Körösszeg was among these, despite being owned by the Csáky family throughout the century. György Rákóczi I considered the Catholic István Csáky an enemy of Transylvania. He took away his castle and estate, which he got back under the terms of the Agreement of Eperjes (1633), but both the castle and the hajdús living in the market town had to serve Varad, and only served as soldiers for the landowner during peacetime. The hajdús were under the jurisdiction of their lieutenant, who was accountable to the captain of Varad but was also supposed to work in agreement with the estate's court judge. The Transylvanian code of law intended to modify this peculiar dual service to a hajdú privilege, but the Csáky family contradicted this decision in 1654. In 1659, their court judge allowed only those who agreed to serve the lord to return to the market town and also put down the hajdú name. After the siege of Varad in 1660, the destroyed castle was not rebuilt, and the settlement remained deserted.

• Vallási sérelmek Debrecenben a 18. században

  5-17

  Papp Klára

  Megtekintések száma:

  1

  Debrecen got first into conflict with the leaders of the Catholic Church after gaining the Free Royal City title (1693). During the parliament of 1712–1715, both the legate of the chapter of Várad and Imre Csáky, the Bishop of Várad considered the possibility of the moving in of the Catholics and the building and running a Catholic church and school as the prerequisite of winning the title of Free Royal City. Based on the effective assistance provided by bishop Imre Csáky, the building of the church and the management of the school was taken over by Piarists. The Catholic church was built by 1746, and was sanctified by bishop Miklós Csáky. As the monarch, Maria Theresa caused harm to the Reformed population in several fields. She banned the financial aid of the Reformed Church, the press, and the College, she limited, and during the Seven Years’ War, banned the students from attending foreign universities which she also connected to the possession of a passport. Although only 3,4% of the city’s population comprised Catholics, by 1776 she achieved that half of the 12-member council be appointed without election as Catholic members of the council. Besides appointing the Chief Justice (the only remaining right of whom was jurisdiction), she ordered the election of the mayor responsible for finance and administration, and one of these two leaders had to be Catholic. During the reign of Joseph II, favourable opportunities opened for the representation of Protestant interests based on the tolerance regulation, and this tendency continued with the publication of the 26th law Article of 1791. During the parliamentary sessions, the Calvinists of Debrecen and its neighbourhood played a serious role in the law debate. The above situation demonstrates that by the end of the century, the problems and grievances of the inhabitants of Debrecen became important ingredients of the country-wide conflicts of Calvinists and Lutherans.

• A debreceni Hatvan és Cegléd utcák eredetének nyomában

  5-25

  Nagy Nándor

  Megtekintések száma:

  1

  This study aims to investigate the historical origins of two public spaces in Debrecen, namely Hatvan and Cegléd Streets. During the Middle Ages, segments of roads leading away from settlements were often named after places impacted by the given route that functioned as crossings or transportation hubs. In the case of Debrecen, this pattern can be observed in the context of Várad Street. However, regarding the names of Hatvan and Cegléd Streets, the currently accepted theories reject the origin associated with place names. For Hatvan Street, a numerical name reference is noted, while for Cegléd Street, an etymology linked to a plant name is generally accepted. The study reviews relevant sources and literature that question the historical validity of currently widespread explanations and at the same time, suggests the acceptance of place name origins for both public spaces.

• „Várad Erdély kapuja…” Nagyvárad történelmi szerepe a fejedelemség korában

  153-156

  Nagy Bettina

  Megtekintések száma:

  1