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A trianoni Alföld újraértelmezése. Lehetséges regionális történeti földrajzi, gazdaság- és társadalomtörténeti kontextusok a táj múltjának történelmiesítéséhez (1910–1930)
5-29Views:1There is a clear trend in recent years that historians are moving closer to more and more disciplines in the natural sciences, and that they are adopting methods in these disciplines or developing new ones for their own research projects. For this, I believe that the common language will be created by the digital revolution, quantification, which is still ongoing. Through “technological uniformization”, there is a growing need for the mass processing of data, building and interconnecting databases, and developing quantitative procedures for which, in time, a parallel narrative can be built alongside well-known master narratives. In my study, I attempt to historicalize the past of the Great Hungarian Plain for the first third of the 20th century in a different way than before, by concatenating several databases (GHA, ATTA, MÉTA) and using GIS (Esri GIS). A new result is that in addition to the construction of the railway network and water management infrastructures, the adaptation (!) of the settlement network also played a decisive role in the modernization of the Great Plain in the 19th century. The basis of modernization and economic structural transformation in the economic sense was the formation and spread of homesteads. The regions of the Great Hungarian Plain, where, instead of the city-village connection, the city-farm connection became the dominant, formed into highly developed centre areas (in a landscape context) by the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. However, the process of landscape modernization and urbanization slowed down perceptibly, even stalled at some places, due to global economic processes, reorganizing migratory movements, disproportionate landscape economic structure and growing social tensions, among others. By the beginning of the 20th century, another change in the economic structure of the Great Hungarian Plain became necessary, but this (also) could not take place due to the First World War. The Trianon peace treaty after losing the war was such a traumatic experience not only collectively but often on an individual experience level that the discourse that followed the propaganda-reinforced “loss narrative” obscured many of the aforementioned prepeace problems. Consequently, Trianon was not the cause but the catalyst for the collapse of the economic model of the Great Hungarian Plain. At the same time, it is a fact that in addition to the typically more favourable concentration of human capital in the landscape, the multi-centred developmental spatial structure formed within the landscape in the 1920s enabled a surprisingly rapid economic restoration for Trianon Hungary as a whole. Despite the slowing down of the modernization and urbanization processes, the development of the Great Hungarian Plain at the turn of the century, which was higher than in the Carpathian Basin, was able to ensure a relatively smooth socio-economic transition for a short time. -
Területi különbségek a trianoni Magyarország területén a 20. század első felében. Módszertani modell
54-69Views:1The topic of the present methodological dissertation is the examination of Hungarian territorial differences in the context of modernization and development. In the background of my choice of topic lies the scientific importance of the issue, the growing domestic quantitative research and the illumination of the Trianon trauma from a new perspective (Demeter 2018, Szilágyi 2018). I also consider this to be a novel approach, because it is a fact that June 4, 1920 significantly affected our country in all areas, but approaches have come to light (Tomka 2018) that already paint a more nuanced picture of Trianon and the subsequent economic downturn. So I consider it justified to carry out an empirical research on a quantitative basis with the involvement of the settlement network. Thus, we can approach the relationship between development and Trianon from new perspectives. Writing of which, the 100th anniversary itself is another motivation. -
A trianoni államhatár hatása a Nyírség és a Szatmári-síkság társadalmára 1900 és 1941 között
57-67Views:0In my study, I am primarily looking for the answer to how the Trianon state border affected the society of the Nyírség and the Szatmár plain in the first half of the 20th century. The recent literature of geography clearly classifies the Trans-Tisza border strip along the Hungarian-Romanian border as a peripheral area, but the question is whether the new state border had a negative effect between 1920 and 1941 or could have been the result of a longer-term process. In the case of the Nyírség and the Szatmár plain, I consider the districts in contact with the state border to be the border zone. I examine the problem of living near the border through two development indicators, one of which is the migration balance and the other the literacy rate. I hope that through the examination of the migratory movement and the education conditions, it becomes possible to perceive how the state border of Trianon affected the society of the border strip between the Nyírség and the Szatmár plain. -
Berettyóújfalu vármegyeszékhellyé alakulása 1920–1928
30-55Views:1This study is intended to present the biggest challenge in the history of Berettyóújfalu in the 20th century: the period of the settlement's transformation into a county seat after 1920. As a result of the catastrophic Trianon peace treaty for Hungary, a decisive part of Bihar County, including its ancient seat in Oradea, was annexed to Romania. Berettyóújfalu could then play a leading role in the recovery of the remaining Csonka-Bihar. The town, which cherished ambitions to become a city since the beginning of the period of dualism, achieved its goal, even if not in accordance with the original idea: although it remained a town in its status, mainly due to a forced trajectory due to a tragedy, it could become the centre of 61 settlements in the remaining Bihar County. The eight years immediately following the change of empire are presented, 1920–1928, which counted as the most eventful period in the history of the county centre, starting from the loss of Bihar through the reorganization of public administration to the handover of the public hospital. -
Városhiányos területek vizualizálása – A térinformatika és a gravitációs modell egy lehetséges alkalmazása a történettudományban a trianoni Alföld példáján (1910–1930)
31-69Views:1The ’digital revolution’ going on in all fields of science in parallel nowadays (in the case of certain disciplines, a ’digital turn’) has opened an interface of interactions in the last few years, which places interdisciplinary topics – among them historical-geographical research – into a new space. The present study attempts to represent through the example of the 19th-20th turn-of-the-century Great Hungarian Plain the economic and social historical opportunities and contexts opening in the mentioned sub-disciplines by the use of GIS, in parallel with the utilization, or deconstruction, of the canonized knowledge. During the research process, it turned out that the gravity potential model can also be used to visualize the results of the calculations in a GIS. The less attracted areas outline the areas, regions lacking cities in a differentiated manner in the resulting map. This method can be used to map 3 regions and 8 areas lacking cities on the Great Hungarian Plain. On the other hand, the results also made it possible to sketch a model of economic structure, which is hoped to draw attention in writing social history. -
Az Egységes Párt 1922-es berettyóújfalui kampánya
5-21Views:1After the revolutions and the Trianon Peace Treaty, political life in Hungary continued to face several challenges. This study presents the political atmosphere that resulted the 1922 National Assembly election and its results. Berettyóújfalu was one of the constituencies affected by the new national border. Lajos Szilágyi applied for a mandate as a representative here. He was considered by the public of the time to be an active opposition politician. The United Party, led by István Bethlen and István Nagyatádi Szabó, also entered the fight for representative mandates. The ruling party exerted a lot of power to get its own candidates a mandate, as well as to obstruct the campaign of opposition politicians. This thesis seeks the answer to the question of how the campaign of the United Party took place in the electoral district of Berettyóújfalu, and how this series of events fits into the national election preparations of the governing party
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