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Nagyvárad országgyűlési képviselete a dualizmus korában (1867–1918)
5-18Megtekintések száma:1The study looks at the issue of Nagyvárad's parliamentary representation in the AustroHungarian Empire period, focusing primarily on the proportionality of the city's
mandate numbers and the elected parliamentarians. In the first part of the paper, I
examine the one parliamentary mandate owner Nagyvárad's elective franchise and
elective geographical position in comparison with other cities having one mandate, and
with similarly populated cities having two mandates. The consequence of the findings is
that Nagyvárad (as well as Arad and Temesvár, which have similar social and economic
geography features) could not get more seats in the Hungarian House of
Representatives seeking a social status quo conservation due to its "modern bourgeois
city" nature, and not because of the city's ethnic makeup.
In the second part of the study, I analyze the party affiliation of Nagyvárad’s
representatives, and through this, the urban voter behavior and the representatives
themselves (Imre Szacsvay, György Lukács, Ágoston Tokody, Gyula Győrffy, István
Teleszky, Kálmán Tisza, Béla Barabás, Endre Hlatky, Tamás Szokoly, Géza Hoványi). -
Hol van a Bihari Hegyköz központja? Központ-e Szalárd, vagy a kisrégió Nagyvárad vonzásában él?
61-72Megtekintések száma:0The development or stagnation, regression of market towns can be interesting not only from the point of view of urban development for history or social sciences, but can also largely determine/reflect the life and possibilities of a given region, thus, the market towns themselves are closely related to the history of the region around them. The aim of my study is to outline the process during which the trajectory of a region that had been developing for centuries and had several urban settlements and market towns was broken, and the demographic and urbanization processes that had been noticeable within the region until then regressed and withered away. At the end of the review, I would also like to find an answer to why this phenomenon occurred. In the first half of the article, I present the demographic development of the region. There was no major break in the population of the Hegyköz settlements until the first third/middle of the 17th century, its population was approx. 10,000. After this, by the end of the Turkish era, the number of people living here decreased considerably (1692: 6,000 people). Then, in the 18th century, the area inhabited almost exclusively by Hungarians was repopulated with the help of a significant number of Romanians and a smaller Slovak and Swabian population, and in 1787 the number of inhabitants was already 18,000 (Hungarians made up approx. 70%). In parallel with the demographic and ethnic development of the population, the religious affiliation of the people living there also largely changed. While almost only Roman Catholics lived in the region until the Turkish era, in the 17th century, as a result of the rapid spread of the Reformation, the majority of Hungarians became Reformed. The majority of the Romanians, who appeared in large numbers during the resettlement, represented an Orthodox but growing Greek Catholic population, while the Slovaks and Swabians were Roman Catholics. The industrialization and modernization that took place in the second half of the 19th century had a positive effect on the number of people living here, which already exceeded 30,000 by 1910. In the 20th century, however, there was first a further increase of less intensity (1941: 34,196 people), then a large-scale decrease in the population. As a result, according to the data of the 2002 census, the number of inhabitants does not even reach 25,000, which corresponds to the level of 1880. Meanwhile, by the beginning of the 21st century, the number of Hungarians decreased to approx. 60%, and that of Romanians to approx. 36%. 75% of Hungarians are Reformed, 25% are Roman Catholic, and Romanians – as a result of the banning of Greek Catholicism in 1948 – are almost entirely adherents of Orthodoxy. Based on the demographic and historical geographical changes of the region, we can see that the settlements of the ’Bihari Hegyköz’, which played a central role in certain stages of the period between the 10th and 17th centuries, Bihar (Biharia), Adorján (Adrian), Szentjobb (Sâniob), Szalárd (Sălard), as well as Hegyközcsatár (Cetariu) and Micske (Mișca), halted in their development during and after the Turkish conquest. And after that, even though they kept their viability thanks to resettlement in the 18th century, they completely lost their central roles during the modernization that began in the last third of the 19th century, the disintegration of historical Hungary and the changing systems ofthe 20th century. Nagyvárad (Oradea), located in the immediate vicinity of Bihari Hegyköz, became the central place of the region. -
Láhner György szerepe a nagyváradi fegyvergyár elindításában és működésében
5-21Megtekintések száma:2György Láhner is one of the martyrs of Arad whose life and activities are less known. No serious biography has been written about him, and his activities have also not been adequately documented with sufficient detail so far. One reason for this is that military supply and the replenishment of war materials, where Láhner primarily worked, is one of the less spectacular areas of military affairs, with relatively limited resources, and there is less interest in its various sub-areas. This is somewhat surprising because on several occasions, he played a decisive role in the course of military events, often strongly influencing them. The study deals with the initial period of the military industry of the Revolution of 1848 in Oradea (Nagyvárad), when the Hungarian state's national weapon factory arrived there and began its operations. Among others, György Láhner acquired invaluable merits in this regard -
„Várad Erdély kapuja…” Nagyvárad történelmi szerepe a fejedelemség korában
153-156Megtekintések száma:1 -
Az 1878. évi nagyváradi képviselőválasztás
5-21Megtekintések száma:1The subject of this study is one episode of the parliamentary elections in Hungary in
the era of dualism. Features: one district, one mandate, open electoral system, censory
electoral law. Date and venue: 1878, Oradea. The following are indicating the cornerstones of the work: the preparations and organization of the parliamentary election,
introduction of the contestant candidates, the process and the results. On the occasion
of the parliamentary elections in every three- and then five-year period, there were social movements: the small number of those who had right to vote and the masses of
those who were trapped outside also presented themselves; they made their voices
heard. -
Adalékok a nagyváradi színjátszás dualizmuskori történetéhez. Két eltérő színi évad a nagyváradi színkörben: 1877 – Kolozsvár, 1878 – Debrecen összehasonlító elemzése a korabeli sajtódokumentumok fényében
71-82Megtekintések száma:1In my study, I aim to provide additions to the history of acting in the era of Dualism. I contrastively examine two summer acting seasons before the stone theatre of Oradea was built, mainly emphasizing the exploration of press documents. The literature of theatrical history only touched the two seasons I study. Therefore, the articles of the local press of the time that were of smaller scale, and provided a micro perspective, put into a new philological and historical perspective the migration movements of acting in Oradea in this period of a couple of decades. From a philological and literature-sociological point of view, I have processed all the articles, news, advertisements and other pieces of information from the two local newspapers, the political and economic Oradea, and the political Freedom dailies from the period between May 1877 and September 1878. During my work, I also used the Theatrical Pocketbook documenting the season of ClujNapoca, as well as the Acting Pocketbook of 1877 from Oradea, which remained in the local archives. Unfortunately, no other theatrical resource remained in Oradea from the 1870s and 1880s. I have experienced that the newspaper articles of the time are authentic documents, as they correspond about the life, theatre events, forming public taste, and opinions of theatre critics of the period. The articles, as micro-resources, provide an insight into the logic and expectations of the local audience. Analysing the gazette resources shed light on certain new correlations. During my research, I came to the conclusion that the Theatre of Cluj-Napoca continued classical acting and represented this as the oldest troupe of Transylvania during their tours. Similarly, to the travelling troupe of Debrecen, this was a guild of actors and actresses from several locations, led by one common goal: the successful guest appearances. During consecutive years in Oradea that had already been on the track of turning into a bourgeois settlement, of the two different troupes, the Debrecen-Oradea troupe accommodated more successfully to the circumstances and audience of the city than the Cluj-Napoca troupe. Perhaps this was the reason why Béla Mándoky’s troupe was called back in 1879, as well as 1880 to the city. -
A Bihar megyei nemzetőrség szerepe Erdély szabadságharcában (1848–49)
22-35Megtekintések száma:1The national guards established in Hungary, including in Bihar County, Nagyvárad, and Debrecen, were local law enforcement forces. However, the difficult situation of the country required the mobilization of the national guards and their deployment to various battlefields (Southern Hungary, Transylvania, Zaránd County). This study presents the operations of the national guards of the aforementioned authorities in Transylvania. -
A XX. század első országgyűlési választása Nagyváradon
21-49Megtekintések száma:1The structure of the study is characterized by duality: it presents the whole election of 1901, and it also analyses the social distribution of the population participating in the parliamentary elections in Oradea. The appearance of the working class is one of the peculiarities of the parliamentary elections in Oradea. With the single vote they got, they did not really have a say in the competition, but they forecast their future presence in the political life of Hungary. Another characteristic feature is the outcome of the election of representatives: based onthe cast votes, the independentist Béla Barabás won against Kálmán Tisza. Based on a comparison of the list of electors and the number of votes, it became possible to examine the political behaviour and social distribution of those having the right to vote. According to the data, Tisza was supported by industrialists, a narrow spectrum of leaders in the administrative apparatus, and some part of the middle class, and he was less supported by the lower middle class. Barabás got support from the part of the middle class that was devoted to the conception of independence, and the majority of the lower middle class and peasantry. -
A bihari térség templomainak régi toronyóráira és mestereikre vonatkozó újabb adatok. Kutatási eredmények összegzése
5-62Megtekintések száma:1This study presents recent data on old church tower clocks – from the 18th-19th century – and their master craftsmen in the Bihar region, as well as a summary of the results of our research in this topic. We recorded data or a series of data on our field trips, as well as on the basis of archival sources, relating to altogether 62 clockworks, and/or identified still existing clockworks and artefacts. Of these, 49 could be linked to a master-locksmith or workshop, which is the main benefit of our research. Most of the surviving artefacts, as well as the work of some of their masters, were largely unknown to the sparse literature on the topic. Significant additions have been made, first of all, to the work of the locksmiths of Nagyvárad (today Oradea – Romania) and Debrecen, as well as of Pankota (today Pâncota – Romania) and Nagykároly (today Carei – Romania). -
„lábatlan fahíd” felállításának tervezete Mezőtelegden (Gondolatok és új adatok a fából készült ívhidak hazai történetéhez)
20-46Megtekintések száma:1In 1812, the need arose to build a new bridge on the main road leading from Nagyvárad to Transylvania, near Mezőtelegd. The construction of the structure crossing the Sebes-Körös River was postponed for years, and the plans for the wooden arch bridge, which was considered a novelty and a special feature at the time, were delayed due to the cumbersome approval process and uncertainties surrounding its feasibility -
A tanácsköztársaság nagyváradi végnapjai
5-12Megtekintések száma:1The Romanian occupation of Budapest ended the Council of Republic. However, the Eastern parts of the country had already been occupied long before that by the Romanian army that made a short-lived “ex lex” status by its dynamic thrust. The red forces fleeing from them lost control of certain cities that local civilians and/or soldiers had captured, in several cases clashing with the supporters of the dictatorship of the proletariat that stayed there. All this happened in two days in Oradea: 19–20th April, 1919. The city's contemporary events illustrate well all the issues and problems the civilian and military leaders faced who felt responsibility for the city and for the goods they were entrusted. Although the forces of the dictatorship of the proletariat could not defend the city, they even jeopardized it by not ending armed actions in the area. Thus, the citizens of Oradea not only had to prepare for the “welcoming” of the Romanians, but also had to keep the
reds away. The presentation of the related events in Oradea can even serve as a good basis for a
general examination of the issue.
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