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A Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Hajdú-Bihar Megyei Levéltára Oral History Gyűjteményének 1956-os interjúi
41-50Megtekintések száma:1The 1956 material contained in the Oral History Collection of the Hajdú-Bihar County Archives of the Hungarian National Archives might become an important resource for the researchers of the topic. The collection does not contain topic interviews, but it tries to present the antecedent lives of the participants, their roles during the revolution, and the time periods afterwards via complete life course interviews. By the latter, that is, through the passion of people struck by retaliation, the life of lawsuits and prison life also comes alive. The number of the ’56 interviews contained in the collection is 38, which is more than half of the complete assortment of interviews. Of course, most interviews are connected to Debrecen (19 interviews), the second most related is Hajdúnánás (8 interviews), followed by Berettyóújfalu (3 interviews), and then the material of the individual county settlements with one interview each. The interviews were prepared by Tibor Valuch (27 interviews) and Zoltán Völgyesi (11 interviews) in the years after the change of regime. The ranking of interviews in the collection follows the order of the date of entry. -
A berettyóújfalui zsidóság pusztulása
5-58Megtekintések száma:1In my study, I discuss the circumstances of the deportation of the Jews of Berettyóújfalu. The post-deportation period is even less-processed than the deportation itself, so I relied on subsequent recollections and universal evidence. First, the gathering of rural Jewry began in April 1944 in Hungary. It was then that the register of Jews from Berettyóújfalu who were later deported began to be compiled. A gendarmerie led the local Jewish population on foot to the brick factory collection point, from where they were transported by train to the small ghetto in Oradea at noon on June 7, 1944. Their luggage was transported in cars and carts. On June 26, 1944, the last transport from Oradea deported the Jewish inhabitants of Berettyóújfalu to Auschwitz. Most of the Jews of Berettyóújfalu (654 people) who died during the crisis died in Auschwitz. -
A kádári egyházpolitika Biharban
97-115Megtekintések száma:1The supremacy of the church traditionally spread out to the whole life of people till the end of World War II. However, this was straight against the atheist views of the communist leadership that was gradually gaining power after 1945, so the churches like the ’Clerical Reaction’ became the number one ideological rivals and pursued by all means their fight off. The proceedings taking place in several arenas started off with the elimination of the economic power of the churches, the fighting off of their public and political acts and of their educational position. The complete bled out of the denominations continued with the formation of one priestpastor layer that was mostly loyal to and dependent on the realm, until the forceful turn to irreligiousness, which the original aim was, took place in the mid-70s. In the present study, we show the local manifestations of this event in Bihar, comparing them via several examples with country-wide events. -
A berettyóújfalui zsidóság a második világháború után
36-51Megtekintések száma:1The elaborations of the history of rural Jewry in general can be claimed to be clearly defined by the Holocaust. The property and partly legal retaliation of the pre-Soa period, followed by the return, resumption, and disappearance of the surviving Jewry from the rural society, is usually only briefly mentioned in the works written about it, as an aftertaste of the events of the emergency. In this study, I present these less researched resources of the disappearance of the Jews from Berettyóújfalu, comparing it with another Hajdú-Bihar county town, Hajdúnánás. At the end of the war, a small number of local Jews returned home deprived of their families. A few tried to restart their lives in Berettyóújfalu, but there were others who never returned to their birthplace. Some of them tried to reorganize their lives in the land of their ancestors, then called Palestine, later Israel. In my study, I am talking about the vicissitudes of those who stayed for a while in the hope of a new beginning, but later, having experienced the communist dictatorship, left. -
A lévai református templom lerombolása Szilágyi Sámuel levele alapján
57-71Megtekintések száma:0During the period of the Counter-Reformation, religious tension manifested even in connection with the ownership of churches. After the publication of the Carolina Resolutio II. in 1734, the taking away of churches was on the rise. This meant, for instance, in thecase of Győr, Pápa, Tata, Léva, Balassagyarmat and Fülek, that the official reason was that these settlements lost their identity as fortresses after the expulsion of the Turks. Even before the 18th century, the city of Léva experienced lots of religious conflicts. The ducal branch of the Esterházy family wanted to control the privileged city by jurisdiction, because of which the relationship between the lordship and the population was tense. Certain religious disagreements also occurred in the debate. The Calvinist Church of Léva was confiscated in 1719, and worship was banned. However, this was renewed, and the preacher of the time was cleared out only in 1739. The church, the school, and the building of the preacher’s house remained under the control of the congregation, they were demolished in 1740. I present these events through a letter written by Sámuel Szilágyi, the Protestant Hungarian agent of Vienna, on 16th July, 1740. From Szilágyi’s letter, it becomes clear that the events that happened in Léva becamenation-wide known. The notorious start of the demolition of the church in Léva wasmost probably initiated by the fall of part of the wobbly fence around the church in May 1740. The fence was restored by the Calvinists. This was considered an innovation by the administrator of Duke Esterházy, called Ferenc Birovszky, who, with a hundred odd of his men, cut the whole fence on 16th of the same month. The bell was tolled by the Calvinists, which was followed by quarrel and even a fight. The Calvinists interpreted this whole event the violation of the imperial decree about their religious freedom. After the incident, they took the opportunity to go into the church, toll the bells and hold a mass, although only singing and praying from a book, and without a preacher. This was no wise step in this extremely tense situation. First, they were interdicted by the judge of the county, and then by the deputy-lieutenant. The Calvinists’ answer was that they sent ambassadors to Vienna, and they were waiting for the imperial reply. The church, the school and the parsonage – together with the belfry – was demolished on 17th June 1740, the bell was taken and everything was confiscated by the men of the administrator. The Calvinist presented the letter of defence of Charles III in vain, even the noble received harsh atrocity and imprisonment. The present study uses archive resources to show what was it – on the local level – that had been behind such an event. Here, it seems that not the priests of the Catholic Church, but the administrator of the Catholic squire was who had initiated the events. -
Levéltári gyűjtemények Hajdú-Bihar megye szocializmus kori agrártörténetírásához
23-39Megtekintések száma:1This study focuses on the local (county) archival sources of the cooperative farms of Hajdú-Bihar county, and examines the possibilities of how to use them, besides some basic questions of the socialist era’s public- and social history. Within this, the thesis intends to enumerate the essential sources for the collective farms- and post-World War II agriculture research by highlighting the importance and utilization practice of the archival writings and collections (data warehouse, archival reference library, and oral history resources). -
A revíziós gondolat Bethlen István 1928. évi debreceni beszédében
19-24Megtekintések száma:1István Bethlen's speech in Debrecen in March 1928 was an important event in the Hungarian revision policy between the two world wars. Among the foreign policy conditions that became more favourable at the end of the decade, the humble tone of the Prime Minister changed. In this speech, he formulated a demand for a more proactive revision policy by the Hungarian government. In the study, I covered the antecedents of the speech, and examined its content and most important ideas. My article focuses primarily on the statements in the speech that marked a shift from the cautious revision policy of the period 1920–1927, setting the tone for the foreign policy events of the 1930s. -
Bihar megyei, hajdúsági és debreceni származású református MTA tagok (1920–1944) ősfái
142-156Megtekintések száma:1 -
Egy különös látogatás – Bethlen és Gömbös 1933. januári debreceni beszéde
47-52Megtekintések száma:1Bethlen and Gömbös both gave speeches at the National Unity Party's event in Debrecen in January 1933. Although the two speeches did not mark a turning point in Hungarian domestic politics of the interwar era, they did indicate that the balance of power between the two men was shifting and that Gömbös's appointment as prime minister was not simply a change of government but a step towards changing the political system elaborated by Bethlen. Both men made moderate statements and expressed mutual support, but the present paper also aims to convey the transitory nature of this situation, as they became open enemies the following year. -
A debreceni lakatos céh inasságának származási hely szerinti összetétele
24-58Megtekintések száma:1In my study, I examine the distribution by places of origin of the locksmith apprentices joining the guild in Debrecen at the end of the 18th and during the 19th century. The basis of the analysis was the register of the locksmith guild of Debrecen as included in the Hajdú-Bihar County Archives of the Hungarian National Archives, which also contains the contract entries of the apprentices. I have been able to identify the place of origin of nearly 1,100 apprentices between 1780 and 1884, so I have been able to include 92% of the apprentices recorded by the scrivener. Apprentices arrived to Debrecen from 143 settlements, mostly from the villages and market towns of Bihar County. To find out more about the multiplicity of origin composition, I searched for answersto the following questions: Could the rural masters belonging to the Debrecen guild hire apprentices?; Which counties did the apprentices arrive to Debrecen and in what amounts?; Did more apprentices come from rural towns or villages?; Does the agglomeration designated by the places of origin of the apprenticescover the 19th-century market area of Debrecen? -
Botos Máté (szerk.): A politika reprezentációja a kortárs könnyűzenében
38-44Megtekintések száma:1
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