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A Hajdú-Bihar Megyei és Debreceni Honismereti Egyesület tudományos és közművelődési tevékenysége
53-57Views:1Our organization performs and supports researches about the present-day Hajdú-Bihar, the old Hajdú and Bihar counties and Partium. The biharkutatas.hu website is one of the two essential enterprises which collect the Bihar related knowledge and make it available together. The other one is Új Nézőpont (New Perspective), an online quarterly periodical which uses and publishes multidisciplinary studies. The events happening until now let us hope that both will work as highly sought and useful forums in the future, too. -
Beszámoló a Hajdú-Bihar Vármegyei Levéltári Napokról
70-73Views:12Az 53. Hajdú-Bihar Vármegyei Levéltári Napokat 2026. május 19–20-án rendezték
meg Debrecenben. Az eseményt az MNL Hajdú-Bihar Vármegyei Levéltára, valamint a
Debreceni Egyetem Egyetemi és Nemzeti Könyvtára szervezte. A rendezvény központi
témája a levéltári innovációk, a mesterséges intelligencia alkalmazása, valamint a kvantitatív
történetírás új lehetőségei voltak, de a történelem anyagiságának tapasztalata is viszsza-
visszatérő eleme volt az előadásoknak. -
Adalékok a Debreceni Egyetem Tanácsköztársaság és román megszállás alatti történetéhez
79-92Views:1When the Royal couple visited Debrecen on 23 October 1918 to attend the inauguration of the University “Clinic” site, nobody could have predicted that upcoming events would soon shatter the state order of Hungary and fundamentally determine the country’s fate. The town received the news of the monarch appointing Mihály Károlyi as head of government on 30 October. Citizens of Debrecen gathered in front of the Town Hall and demanded the display of the national flag. Soldiers pinned cockades in the national colours in place of their cap badges. The National Council of Debrecen was formed and joined the Hungarian National Council on 1 November. When the Republic of Councils was declared on 21 March 1919 in Budapest, the Directorate was also formed in Debrecen. However, the “glory days” of the Republic of Councils did not last long here, as
Romanian forces occupied the town only a month later on 23 April 1919. When the Romanian occupiers left on 11 March 1920, they left a ransacked and impoverished town in their wake. The University of Debrecen had three faculties in those days, namely the Faculties of Reformed Theology, Law and Liberal Arts. The Faculty of Medicine was under organisation. In October 1919, Béla Sz. Kun, dean of the Faculty of Law initiated an investigation into the conduct of every lecturer and employee of the University during the time of the Republic of Councils. The investigation was later extended to include the period of the Romanian occupation. This study set out to review the public disciplinary proceedings against lecturers non-exhaustively, mainly on the basis of sources in the archives. The author demonstrates through the examples of a number of disciplinary procedures how retaliations happened in the Horthy-period. -
A debreceni lakatos céh inasságának származási hely szerinti összetétele
24-58Views:1In my study, I examine the distribution by places of origin of the locksmith apprentices joining the guild in Debrecen at the end of the 18th and during the 19th century. The basis of the analysis was the register of the locksmith guild of Debrecen as included in the Hajdú-Bihar County Archives of the Hungarian National Archives, which also contains the contract entries of the apprentices. I have been able to identify the place of origin of nearly 1,100 apprentices between 1780 and 1884, so I have been able to include 92% of the apprentices recorded by the scrivener. Apprentices arrived to Debrecen from 143 settlements, mostly from the villages and market towns of Bihar County. To find out more about the multiplicity of origin composition, I searched for answersto the following questions: Could the rural masters belonging to the Debrecen guild hire apprentices?; Which counties did the apprentices arrive to Debrecen and in what amounts?; Did more apprentices come from rural towns or villages?; Does the agglomeration designated by the places of origin of the apprenticescover the 19th-century market area of Debrecen? -
Háromszéki Szotyori Nagy család debreceni ága
24-48Views:2Only a few people know the activities of the Szotyori Nagy family, most people only remember that there used to be a Szotyori settlement in Debrecen (today it is part of the Hatvan Street garden). The oldest member of the family from Transylvania, who arrived to Debrecen, was the first cantor organist of the Great Church of Debrecen, and the first organ of the Great Church was inaugurated with his help. His elder son took over his father’s job as a cantor organist of the Great Church. Besides that, he also taught at the Reformed College in Debrecen and composed music. He also learned organ building during his study trips abroad, so he was asked to be an expert in building several church organs in the country. The city’s first music conservatory was also named after him. The members of the family even included a renowned doctor of the city of Debrecen, an inventor, a notary public, a composer, a Catholic priest, an organist and a music teacher. Several family members wrote and edited music publications. The graves of several deceased family members can still be found in the Public Cemetery, and the descendants of one branch of the family still live in Debrecen. -
The Fulfilment of Five-Year Plan Objectives for Inpatient Care in Hungary, 1960–1970
26-47Views:11After 1945, the hospital care system had to be rebuilt and substantially expanded, as the health
insurance system was being extended. The paper examines the extent to which the targets set
during the second and third five-year plans were achieved, how the availability of hospital beds
differed between Budapest and rural areas, and what characterized the geographical distribution
of hospital beds. These questions are addressed using a comparative approach (by comparing the
planned objectives with their actual outcomes) and cartographic methods. The objectives of the
plan ending in 1965 were largely achieved, though the construction of new hospitals was the area
in which the targets were least successfully met. However, in the third five-year plan ending in
1970, there were shortfalls in almost every area. The ratio of general hospital beds between Budapest
and rural areas decreased from three-to-one to two-to-one, although the significance of this
change is context-dependent. Furthermore, mapping hospitals and bed numbers revealed which
areas were experiencing bed shortages. -
Műhelytitkok a debreceni Vidoni Szalámigyárban
5-22Views:1The owners of Debrecen’s largest salami factory arrived to the city from the Italian Friuli, and brought with themselves from there not only the methods of making salami, but also the salami makers working in their factory. The workshop secrets of Vidoni lay exactly in these: procedure and craftsmanship. However, we should not forget about the local facilities that made production possible. The data, memoirs and interviews recorded in the era reveal the everyday life of the factory, the suppliers, and pastoral pig slaughters, all of which reflect the relationship between the factory and the countryside. Besides this, they provide information that other types of resources cannot provide. The aim of the study is then to present the factory from a new perspective, focusing on itseveryday life and the production process of the famous Vidoni salami. -
Légitámadás a debreceni Nagyállomás ellen 1944. szeptember elsején
37-59Views:1This study presents the second american air raid carried out against Debrecen’s
railway station. In the prologue, it discusses the purpose of the attack in detail, and the
action’s aviation historical aspects in the first chapter. The statements of the latter are
based on the documents from the archives of the U.S. Air Force, specially focused on
the air photos taken during the attack. In the third section, the damages of the attack
will be presented. So much as the sources allowed, the study shows the new serious
devastation of the city from street to street. The closing section of the paper presents
the tactical success of the bombing, which is followed by the list of victims where the
readers get the possibility to find their relatives. -
A revíziós gondolat Bethlen István 1928. évi debreceni beszédében
19-24Views:1István Bethlen's speech in Debrecen in March 1928 was an important event in the Hungarian revision policy between the two world wars. Among the foreign policy conditions that became more favourable at the end of the decade, the humble tone of the Prime Minister changed. In this speech, he formulated a demand for a more proactive revision policy by the Hungarian government. In the study, I covered the antecedents of the speech, and examined its content and most important ideas. My article focuses primarily on the statements in the speech that marked a shift from the cautious revision policy of the period 1920–1927, setting the tone for the foreign policy events of the 1930s. -
Sándor Eckhardt’s Historical Journey: From the Minerva Journal to György Bessenyei
48-57Views:7The present study examines the phase of Sándor Eckhardt’s career as a historian associated with
the journal Minerva during the first half of the 1920s. Throughout this period, Eckhardt primarily
worked as a member of the Minerva Society and as a contributor to the journal. The aim of this
paper is to interpret the theoretical writings published there within the narrower context of the
journal as well as within the broader framework of European historiography. Special attention is
given to studies on the Enlightenment and the ideas of the French Revolution, as well as to texts
related to György Bessenyei that, although not published in Minerva, fit organically into the contemporary
discourse on the Enlightenment. -
Metamorfózis: a debreceni cívis fogalmának tartalmi evolúciója
87-99Views:1The notion of the ’Cívis’ is, for most people, some gossiped, unique Debrecen specialty. In fact, only a few think its real meaning, its origin, its local uniqueness over, and what changes this expression has gone through over history. This article tries to analyse this issue in a comprehensive manner, so that we can gain insight into who we really call a ’Cívis from Debrecen’ nowadays. -
Beköszöntő
5-6Views:1A Hajdú-Bihar Megyei és Debreceni Honismereti Egyesület 2014 tavaszán elindított egy teljesen elektronikus kiadású, tudományos és ismeretterjesztő folyóiratot. A tervek szerint negyedévente megjelenő lap táji-térségi szinten, a Biharra, Debrecenre és a Hajdúvidékre irányuló kutatások fórumaként fog működni. A magyarországi kutatók mellett várja a határon túliakat, és biztosítja a lehetőséget az eredmények angol nyelvű bemutatására is. -
„…pusztítsd el Úristen az mi vétkeinket az Te örökségedre, hogy itt az helyen, az Te nevedet hálaadással tisztelhessük és dicsérhessünk mindörökké…” – Forrásválogatás a debreceni magisztrátusi jegyzőkönyvek kivonataiból 1551–1685
35-58Views:1The text corpus collects the reformation related protocol records of Debrecen’s magistrate from the time between 1551 and 1685. The exact start date of the reformation in Debrecen is unknown, however, it certainly took its roots during the times of reformer Márton Kálmáncsehi Sánta in the 1550’s. Péter Méliusz Juhász had the most important role in the consolidation of the reformed religion. His work was supported by the rapidly spreading printing press and the reformed school, which served the propagation of Calvinism even more vividly. The organizational and doctrinal establishment of the reformed church ended by the Reformed Constitutional Synod in 1567 in Debrecen, where the Second Helvetic Confession was adopted. From this time on, Debrecen has become the main hub of Hungarian Calvinism. The change in the life of the city came when Debrecen acquired the free royal city status. The prerequisite of this was the admission of Catholics to the completely Hungarian, reformed city population. As a reply to the actions of the government and the church, the inhabitants of Debrecen responded with forceful adherence to the traditions of the civic city – which is also referred to as „Debreceniség”. The herein published sources show the most importantmoments of this process, and we can get an insight into the everyday life of Debrecen’s inhabitants. -
Kutatócsoport alapítása a Debreceni Királyi Törvényszéki Fogház iratanyagának hasznosításához (1933–1944)
5-27Views:1Our study presents potential guideline policies on how to utilize the mass emitted sources of the law enforcement system in the interwar period. The paper is divided into three main sections, of which the first deals with the organization of the group, the resources and the database in progress. The second part of the work presents one of the group’s research directions, which focuses on using anthropometric methods. The last great chapter contains source based criminal statistical and social examination from the resident individuals of Debrecen. Finally, the overview gives information about future plans and prospects. In front of the public, the work group showed itself in two scientific presentations, which, together with this study, is considered as a foundation. -
A debreceni Hatvan és Cegléd utcák eredetének nyomában
5-25Views:1This study aims to investigate the historical origins of two public spaces in Debrecen, namely Hatvan and Cegléd Streets. During the Middle Ages, segments of roads leading away from settlements were often named after places impacted by the given route that functioned as crossings or transportation hubs. In the case of Debrecen, this pattern can be observed in the context of Várad Street. However, regarding the names of Hatvan and Cegléd Streets, the currently accepted theories reject the origin associated with place names. For Hatvan Street, a numerical name reference is noted, while for Cegléd Street, an etymology linked to a plant name is generally accepted. The study reviews relevant sources and literature that question the historical validity of currently widespread explanations and at the same time, suggests the acceptance of place name origins for both public spaces. -
Egy különös látogatás – Bethlen és Gömbös 1933. januári debreceni beszéde
47-52Views:1Bethlen and Gömbös both gave speeches at the National Unity Party's event in Debrecen in January 1933. Although the two speeches did not mark a turning point in Hungarian domestic politics of the interwar era, they did indicate that the balance of power between the two men was shifting and that Gömbös's appointment as prime minister was not simply a change of government but a step towards changing the political system elaborated by Bethlen. Both men made moderate statements and expressed mutual support, but the present paper also aims to convey the transitory nature of this situation, as they became open enemies the following year. -
Miről mesélnek a levéltári források? – A Magyar Agrártudományi Egyetem Mezőgazdaságtudományi Kara Debreceni Osztályának története (1945–1949)
5-23Views:1At the end of 1944, Debrecen became the capital of the country for the second time. The Provisional National Assembly was summoned here, and it established the Provisional National Government. The Provisional National Government's Regulation No. 8740/1945 M.E decided to set up the Hungarian Agricultural University. The university was established in Budapest with four faculties. One of the provincial departments of the Faculty of Agriculture opened in Debrecen on 1 October 1945. The Department of Debrecen faced great difficulties due to serious damages in the appliances as a result of the war. The department was in a constant financial deficit over the four years of its existence. Next to the farm, an experimental field, a horticulture, a poultry farm, an apiary, and a silkworm colony operated. The number of students registered in the department usually ranged from 160 to 260 people. In the Department of Debrecen, The North of Tiszántúl Agricultural Science Research Community was formed with five groups in March, 1949. The Minister of Agriculture terminated the operation of the departments in Debrecen, Keszthely and Mosonmagyaróvár at 12 o'clock on 17 March 1949. This measure was explained by the fact that the countryside departments had a relatively small number of students, therefore, supporting the operation of the high-cost departments was not economical. After a long time, the agricultural training terminated in Debrecen. -
A Debreceni Nyomda 1847. évi kiváltságlevele
73-83Views:1Since its founding in 1561, the City Press has been enhancing the reputation of Debrecen. It used to be managed by the city council, the rulers did not interfere in its affairs until 1835. At that time, the Governor's Council forcefully demanded that it present their royal patent. However, the Debrecen Press - similarly to the other printing houses in Hungary - did not have a separate patent. Nevertheless, in order to suppress civil aspirations, the government wanted to abolish printing presses that operated without a royal permission. The city fathers of Debrecen argued in vain that Leopold I confirmed the use of the printing press when he elevated Debrecen to the rank of free royal city, King Ferdinand rejected their request. There was no other solution, the issue of the privilege letter had to be requested. The charter of the Debrecen Book Printing Institute was announced on August 12, 1847. Due to the amount paid for it, the printing house closed that year with a significant loss. The present study not only follows the struggle to obtain the privilege letter, but also provides relevant archival resources, including the correspondence of the Debrecen City Council and the Council of Governors between 1835 and 1847. -
Horthy Miklós és Debrecen: a kormányzó debreceni diákságának története és látogatásai kormányzósága idején
13-39Views:1In my study, which has been written on the basis of books, archival sources and periodicals, you can read about Miklós Horthy’s visits to and his student years in Debrecen. During my research, Miklós Horthy’s childhood residence was discovered, which was located at today’s 8 Péterfia Street. He finished classes 3 and 4 as a fared student of the Debrecen College between 1876 and 1878 and then his father sent him to continue his studies in Sopron. He returned to the Civis city only as governor: first – as part of his country tour – on April 14, 1920, he visited the city “liberated” by the National Army. Next, on November 6, 1924, he travelled to Debrecen for the opening ceremony of the children’s clinic, then on October 17, 1926, to lay the foundation stone of the site for the medical college clinic, and to unveil the statue of István Tisza. The next date is June 3, 1927, when he arrived here for the laying of the foundation stone of the Tisza István University, and on the 10th of June, 1928, for the riding days organized by the Chamber of Agriculture of the Tiszántúl Region and for the inauguration of 80 soldiers. And lastly, on July 1, 1929, he came here to watch the 22nd National Song Contest. The contemporary press and the Telegraph Office only record the occasions described above as Miklós Horthy's official visits to Debrecen, but he might have returned to our town several times until October 15, 1944, as the governor also visited other villages and towns in Hajdú and Bihar counties. Finally, I present the Baltazár mansion in Bodaszőlő, which Miklós Horthy visited several times outside the officially registered days. -
A Bihar vármegyéből származó debreceni polgárok beköltözési év, lakóhely és foglalkozás szerinti megoszlása (1733–1867)
5-22Views:1In 1715, Debrecen was awarded with the free royal city title, the local citizenship was appreciated. Not surprisingly, the bourgeoise recruited primarily locally. However, numerous inmoving were successfully integrated and even became citizens. The Matricula Civium is the best resource to analyze the inmoving and naturalized inhabitants between 1733 and 1867. According to the available data, most of the settlers came from the Northern-Tiszántúl region. Among the counties from which most people moved, Bihar possessed the first place: 423 Biharian won civil rights, that is, Bihar was a stable base of the recruitment of Debrecen’s inhabitants. The majority of settlers had practiced some form of industry: Debrecen meant a suction force on the craftsmen of surrounding settlements, thereby strengthening its market position, and, at the same time, weakening the smaller settlements. Although individual motivational factors can also be revealed, it were basically the reformed, industrialist people of Hungarian ethnicity, living in the agglomeration, who ensured the replenishment of Debrecen’s population from the Bihar area. -
A debreceni városirányítási elit 1929 és 1935 között
22-41Views:1The focus of my work is the analysis of the city management elite in Debrecen. For this, I find it necessary to describe the methodological antecedents of my investigations, which points at the origin of the techniques and investigation aspects used for individual findings, as well as an explanation of the concepts I use. This description is then followed by a comparison of the legislative authority committees of the two years examined (1929, 1935), in which I have the opportunity to establish a narrower elite group. Using examples drawn from contemporary sources, I study this group based on their attempts to retain and gain power
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