Keresés

Keresési eredmények

• Hol van a Bihari Hegyköz központja? Központ-e Szalárd, vagy a kisrégió Nagyvárad vonzásában él?

  61-72

  Szendrei Ákos

  Megtekintések száma:

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  The development or stagnation, regression of market towns can be interesting not only from the point of view of urban development for history or social sciences, but can also largely determine/reflect the life and possibilities of a given region, thus, the market towns themselves are closely related to the history of the region around them. The aim of my study is to outline the process during which the trajectory of a region that had been developing for centuries and had several urban settlements and market towns was broken, and the demographic and urbanization processes that had been noticeable within the region until then regressed and withered away. At the end of the review, I would also like to find an answer to why this phenomenon occurred. In the first half of the article, I present the demographic development of the region. There was no major break in the population of the Hegyköz settlements until the first third/middle of the 17th century, its population was approx. 10,000. After this, by the end of the Turkish era, the number of people living here decreased considerably (1692: 6,000 people). Then, in the 18th century, the area inhabited almost exclusively by Hungarians was repopulated with the help of a significant number of Romanians and a smaller Slovak and Swabian population, and in 1787 the number of inhabitants was already 18,000 (Hungarians made up approx. 70%). In parallel with the demographic and ethnic development of the population, the religious affiliation of the people living there also largely changed. While almost only Roman Catholics lived in the region until the Turkish era, in the 17th century, as a result of the rapid spread of the Reformation, the majority of Hungarians became Reformed. The majority of the Romanians, who appeared in large numbers during the resettlement, represented an Orthodox but growing Greek Catholic population, while the Slovaks and Swabians were Roman Catholics. The industrialization and modernization that took place in the second half of the 19th century had a positive effect on the number of people living here, which already exceeded 30,000 by 1910. In the 20th century, however, there was first a further increase of less intensity (1941: 34,196 people), then a large-scale decrease in the population. As a result, according to the data of the 2002 census, the number of inhabitants does not even reach 25,000, which corresponds to the level of 1880. Meanwhile, by the beginning of the 21st century, the number of Hungarians decreased to approx. 60%, and that of Romanians to approx. 36%. 75% of Hungarians are Reformed, 25% are Roman Catholic, and Romanians – as a result of the banning of Greek Catholicism in 1948 – are almost entirely adherents of Orthodoxy. Based on the demographic and historical geographical changes of the region, we can see that the settlements of the ’Bihari Hegyköz’, which played a central role in certain stages of the period between the 10th and 17th centuries, Bihar (Biharia), Adorján (Adrian), Szentjobb (Sâniob), Szalárd (Sălard), as well as Hegyközcsatár (Cetariu) and Micske (Mișca), halted in their development during and after the Turkish conquest. And after that, even though they kept their viability thanks to resettlement in the 18th century, they completely lost their central roles during the modernization that began in the last third of the 19th century, the disintegration of historical Hungary and the changing systems ofthe 20th century. Nagyvárad (Oradea), located in the immediate vicinity of Bihari Hegyköz, became the central place of the region.

• A Hajdú-Bihar Megyei és Debreceni Honismereti Egyesület tudományos és közművelődési tevékenysége

  53-57

  Brigovácz László

  Szendrei Ákos

  Megtekintések száma:

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  Our organization performs and supports researches about the present-day Hajdú-Bihar, the old Hajdú and Bihar counties and Partium. The biharkutatas.hu website is one of the two essential enterprises which collect the Bihar related knowledge and make it available together. The other one is Új Nézőpont (New Perspective), an online quarterly periodical which uses and publishes multidisciplinary studies. The events happening until now let us hope that both will work as highly sought and useful forums in the future, too.

• Nagyvárad országgyűlési képviselete a dualizmus korában (1867–1918)

  5-18

  Szendrei Ákos

  Megtekintések száma:

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  The study looks at the issue of Nagyvárad's parliamentary representation in the AustroHungarian Empire period, focusing primarily on the proportionality of the city's
  mandate numbers and the elected parliamentarians. In the first part of the paper, I
  examine the one parliamentary mandate owner Nagyvárad's elective franchise and
  elective geographical position in comparison with other cities having one mandate, and
  with similarly populated cities having two mandates. The consequence of the findings is
  that Nagyvárad (as well as Arad and Temesvár, which have similar social and economic
  geography features) could not get more seats in the Hungarian House of
  Representatives seeking a social status quo conservation due to its "modern bourgeois
  city" nature, and not because of the city's ethnic makeup.
  In the second part of the study, I analyze the party affiliation of Nagyvárad’s
  representatives, and through this, the urban voter behavior and the representatives
  themselves (Imre Szacsvay, György Lukács, Ágoston Tokody, Gyula Győrffy, István
  Teleszky, Kálmán Tisza, Béla Barabás, Endre Hlatky, Tamás Szokoly, Géza Hoványi).

• Bihari, Debrecen környéki és érmelléki lelkészek társadalmi jellemzői 1942-ben 

  39-51

  Szendrei Ákos

  Megtekintések száma:

  0

  The areas Hungary gained back from Czechoslovakia and Romania between 1938 and 1940 considerably expanded the formerly split Reformed Church District of Tiszántúl. This justified the enumeration of the parishes and pastors, which was ordered by the 6712/1941 episcopal circular. By the examination of the source material made available thereby, I undertake to process the autobiographies – mostly from 1942 – of pastors from Debrecen’s neighbourhood, Érmellék, and the dioceses of Bihar from a social historical point of view. I draw conclusions for the history of the ecclesiastical society based on the analysis of altogether 114 autobiographies from the 3 studied dioceses. In the first analytical unit of the study, I examine the age and place of birth of the pastors. Next, starting out from the professions of the fathers, I study which layer of society the pastors might have had come from. In the last section of the study, I analyse the educational areas of the pastors writing the autobiographies.