Articles

• The Price of Health – The Consumption and Purchasing Patterns of Foods  with Special Attention to Price

  3-16

  Erzsébet Tünde Buglyó-Nyakas

  Tímea Gál

  Views:

  275

  The economic events of recent years (war, the COVID epidemic) have had a significant impact on our daily life, including our consumer and shopping habits. The main aim of this research is to examine how food consumption and purchasing habits have changed in response to price changes, particularly for foods perceived to be healthy. Two focus group surveys were conducted to explore consumer habits on this topic. The period covered by the research was the consumer prices in April 2022 and April 2023. Our research explored general food purchasing habits and consumer motivations. We examined the extent to which products that participants perceived as healthy were purchased online, and the impact of price changes on the demand for health-conscious foods and on consumers' brand loyalty. We also looked at the online price monitoring system, where we mapped consumer adoption and the consumer benefits that the system provided. One of our key achievements is to identify a growing consumer awareness, with more and more people choosing quality, expertise and choice over convenience and price. The types of consumer responses identified in the EUROPA.EU research was in terms of products perceived as healthy in the wake of the price rise, although the proportions have shifted significantly; many are looking for alternatives, seeking substitutes for products; and fewer are the concern-averse, loyal consumers and the well-off but not engaged. Price sensitivity is increasing as a result of recent sustained price rises, with a small proportion of people who are not concerned. There is also a low proportion of emotional comfort seekers, a group largely confined to high-income consumers. For those who are not aware of the price of products, there is no change in brand loyalty and no brand abandonment, but for those who are price-aware, there is a tendency to switch between brands.
  
  

  JEL-CODES: I12, M31, M38

  PDF (Hungarian)

  221

• Changes in Health Behaviour Factors in Response to COVID-19

  17-30

  Christa Pfau

  Krisztina Zsófia Kanyó

  Views:

  173

  The coronavirus pandemic caused profound changes in many aspects of people's lives, especially in the area of health behaviour. The restrictions caused by the pandemic have had negative effects on both the physical and mental health of society, while also transforming the way individuals exercise. The aim of our research was to analyse the changes in health behaviour of Hungarian adults, including their sporting habits as well as their mental health, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We also focused on comparing the experiences of a population that regularly participates in sport and a population that rarely or never participates in sport. Results of the survey showed that individuals who regularly participate in sport activities rated their general physical health significantly better than those living a more sedentary life. More than half of the sample stated that they did not experience any particular change in their physical health, but the second highest percentage of respondents reported that their health had been affected negatively by the pandemic period. Results also showed that almost half of respondents said that their sporting habits had not changed as a result of the pandemic, while many reported that their sporting frequency had decreased. Finally, we also analysed the changes in sporting habits with regard to the place of residence, finding that those individuals living in an apartment complex building were most likely to choose a different type of exercise from the one they had previously practised, while a higher proportion of individuals living in a suburban area, or with access to garden reported that they had started to doing sports.Our research provided partial confirmation that the pandemic had a negative effect  on people's health behaviour, but given the high levels of exercise in the target group,it is not surprising that many did not experience any change in sporting habits or physical health. 
  
  

  JEL Code: I12

  PDF (Hungarian)

  161

• Fight for Customers - Correlations of Trade Organizations and Sales Promotionon the Hungarian FMCG Market

  31-38

  Kata Földi

  Éva Pólya

  Ibolya Rózsa Pénzes

  Views:

  111

  Tract of time after the millennial brought well definable changes in retailers’ trade organizations and marketing activity in the Hungarian three-pole FMCG market. Operation conditions of enterprises became more complicated which is also reflected in the variability of the number and intensity of relevant influencing factors as well as in the difficulties of forecasting them. Out of these the change of consumer/purchase behaviour, the growth of competition intensity, the swell of procurement marketing, changes in channel position, the innovation of informatics and info communication tools, the dominant change of economic environment, the stiffening legislation and the unexpected influence of ecological environment can be highlighted. An important starting point for exploring the impact of the changes focusing on market competition is that the number and activity of chain stores operating in Hungary has stabilized, which has shifted the direction of research to explore the relationship between trade organization and marketing, improving competitive advantages and management efficiency.
  
  JEL Code: M31

  PDF (Hungarian)

  132

• The Role of Food Labels in Consumer’s Food Choices

  39-53

  Ildikó Tóth

  Zoltán Szakály

  Views:

  146

  One of the most important pillars of a healthy lifestyle is healthy nutritional value, in which FOP nutrition labels can support consumers in making the right decision. Nutrition-related diseases of civilization are a worldwide problem. A healthy diet is essential for overall well-being and the prevention of many chronic diseases. Special attention must be paid to the use of FOP nutrition values in order to prevention and healthy decision-making. It is important that people can interpret the nutritional quality of foods as simply as possible. The packaging has to provide realistic and accurate infromation about the product. This study describes four types of FOP nutrition labels used in the European Union: Nordic Keyhole, Nutri-Score, Traffic-Lights, NutrInform Battery.  
  
  JEL-Code: M31

  PDF (Hungarian)

  134

• The Transformational Impact of Industry 4.0 on the Wine Marketing and Wine Sector

  55-64

  Gábor Gyarmati

  Zoltán Szakály

  Views:

  145

  Industry 4.0 - like other industries - is transforming the wine sector. From viticulture to winemaking processes to wine marketing and sales, Industry 4.0 technologies have appeared everywhere and have proven to be effective with numerous best practices. It can be stated that sooner or later every serious market participant will incorporate some of Industry 4.0's solutions into their business strategy - otherwise, they will suffer from a difficult-to-catch and manage competitive disadvantage. This study summarizes the processes and main characteristics of the first three industrial revolutions, then analyzes in more detail the fourth industrial revolution and the concept of Industry 4.0, its events, the development opportunities inherent in Industry 4.0 innovations, and certain social risks as well. Subsequently, using case studies and examples uncovered through literature research, it illustrates the connection points between Industry 4.0 and the wine industry - primarily wine marketing.
  
  JEL Codes: O3, O4, M310, M370, Z310, Z330

  PDF (Hungarian)

  114