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• Rechtsphilosophischer Hintergrund der Generationengerechtigkeit

  8-22

  Joachim Sanden

  László Fodor(Translator)

  Views:

  218

  Die aktuellen Bedürfnisse der heutigen Generation und die Lebensperspektiven künftiger Generationen sollten zueinander in einer Balance stehen. Das derzeit geltende Umweltrecht leistet die gebotene Konkretisierung/Operationalisierung erst in Ansätzen. Der Exkurs in (rechts-)philosophische Zusammenhänge macht deutlich, dass es im Umweltbereich intergenerationelle Gerechtigkeit allenfalls dem Grunde nach geben kann. Als Konsequenzen der theoretischen Überlegungen sind die Notwendigkeit einer Institutionalisierung sowie eine Optimierung der (umwelt-)rechtspolitischen Steuerung unter Nutzung reflexiver Gestaltungsansätze abzuleiten.

• Then and now: laws on first and second generation biometric systems

  78-90

  Ferenc Zoltán Simó

  Views:

  205

  Although the security benefits these technologies offer security benefits to our society, their widespread application can involves and clearly leads to serious legal issues and concerns, including technological encounters, disputes and grave concerns for individual citizens’ rights of privacy. Various forms of identification, such as driving licenses, passports, and other identity cards, are progressively being combined with biometric information used by ever-changing and more advanced systems. With no doubts, it can stated as well that the use of them will be spread to other sectors too. Therefore, It safe to assume that this noticeable prosperity of personal information will involve and ache for more advanced data protection measures, encryption technologies, and other safeguarding measures, both to inspire their acceptance and use by the civilian population and to keep this critical information from falling into the wrong hands.

• The right to strike in the case-law of the ECtHR

  115-133

  Katalin Bagdi

  Views:

  228

  The right to strike has been long recognized as an important labour right in the European countries protected by constitutions and international conventions on labour and social rights. However, these international conventions mainly contain mere declarations to only pursue the right to strike and do not have an effective protection mechanism. Nevertheless, in the last few decades a human rights perspective on labour law gained ground and thus international organizations and international courts started to derive labour rights like the right to strike from civil and political rights and therefore some of these labour rights enjoy the same level of protection as the first generation human rights. In its recent judgements, the European Court of Human Rights stated that the right to strike is protected under Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights and developed a case law on the requirements of a lawful strike action, secondary strike actions and the restrictions of the right to strike.

• Effects of the State Aid Soft Law on Beneficiaries: Annotation on an order of the General Court

  118-127

  Péter Staviczky

  Views:

  164

  The European Commission issues guidelines and other soft law instruments to define the compatibility conditions of State aid to be granted by Member States with the internal market. Although the soft law is only binding on the Commission it has not negligible indirect effect on the Member States state aid policy and thereby on other policies. So far it was not clear how much beneficiaries could find remedy at European Courts against the soft law issued by the Commission. The present article gives a description on the adoption of the new energy and environmental aid guidelines with the focus on the conditions related to aid to operating aid to energy generation from renewable energy sources in the context of the State Aid modernization initiative. A comparison to the previous rules was also made. Thereafter the article summarizes an order of the General Court issued in a procedure where an applicant has initiated action for annulment of the guidelines. The article also tries to draw some conclusions about the possibilities and limits of beneficiaries and Member States to question the legality of State aid soft law instruments at European Courts.