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Higher Level Prevention as Public Value in Competition Law
133-152Views:215The problem-solving mechanism developed by Sparrow in the field of social regulation could also be implemented in competition law in order to prevent the recurrence of competition problems in a given industry. Competition authorities’ (like protection-type agencies) aim is the creation of public value. This is measured in terms of their ability to solve social problems by preventing or controlling harms. In the case of competition authorities, the public value is achieved by ensuring a competitive market environment through the curtailment of market power and the removal of barriers to entry. The public value of prevention is especially important when markets tend to become concentrated. In order to achieve the maximum preventive effect, all prevention tools must be operated effectively. This includes imposing structural remedies or switching to ex-ante prevention (regulation) when ex-post enforcement proves ineffective.
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Grooming: The Trap of Trust – Regulation, Prevention and Parental Awareness
Views:151Among the contact risks present in the digital environment, the phenomenon of grooming affecting children is becoming increasingly prevalent. The concept is not uniformly defined: scientific discourse distinguishes between narrower and broader interpretations, depending on whether the purpose of grooming is solely sexual abuse or other types of manipulation. International law and European Union legal frameworks aimed at protecting children are increasingly addressing this issue, which has also appeared in national criminal law regulation. In addition to criminalization, prevention deserves particular attention, where the awareness of adults raising children plays a crucial role. Based on empirical research findings, the study identifies areas where the development of parents’ and caregivers’ knowledge is essential for prevention.