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• Possibilities of reducing drought stress through various foliar treatments in potato (Solanum tuberosum) during the 2024 and 2025 growing seasons

  97-136

  Gergely Kávássy

  András Szabó

  Éva Szabó

  Views:

  83

  Increasing drought caused by climate change poses a significant challenge to potato production. In our experiment conducted in Sonkád (Hungary), different leaf treatments and irrigation regimens were tested over two growing seasons in a randomized block design using the Manitou variety. During the experiment, three irrigation rates (full, 50%, and dry control) were used, along with four foliar treatments – salicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide, silicon, and micronutrients – which were applied exclusively to the non-irrigated plots. A total of seven different treatments were carried out in four replicates. Based on the results from the two growing seasons, the silicon, hydrogen peroxide, microcomplex, and salicylic acid foliar treatments significantly increased the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) compared to the control and the irrigated treatments. On average over the two years, the NDVI value was significantly increased by the silicon, hydrogen peroxide, microcomplex, and salicylic acid foliar treatments compared to the control, and no statistical difference was observed in performance between the full-dose irrigation treatment and the listed treatments. NDVI measurements taken at various time points confirmed that treatments with the tested substances were able to slow chlorophyll degradation and maintain the integrity of the photosynthetic apparatus even during the critical post-flowering period. In the case of the leaf area index, the highest value was observed in the treatment irrigated with the full dose, but no significant difference was found compared to the performance of the silicon, hydrogen peroxide, microcomplex, and salicylic acid treatments. At the same time, the most important indicator in terms of yield was irrigation, which had a significant impact in both years. Although the foliar treatments mitigated stress and improved plant vitality, they did not result in a statistically significant increase in yield compared to the untreated control.

• Possibilities for reducing drought stress in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) through various foliar treatments

  57-80

  Gergely Kávássy

  András Szabó

  Éva Szabó

  Views:

  79

  Abiotic stress factors, especially drought and heat stress, which are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change, pose significant challenges to potato production. The aim of this research was to examine the effects of different irrigation schemes and foliar treatments – salicylic acid, silicon, hydrogen peroxide, and microelements – on the physiological parameters, yield, and quality characteristics of potatoes under drought conditions. In a field experiment conducted in Sonkád (Hungary) during the 2024 growing season, a medium-late Manitou variety was used. During the study, two irrigation doses and four types of foliar treatments were tested in a split-plot design. Based on the results, full and 50% irrigation significantly increased stomatal conductance, NDVI, leaf area index, and yield. Among the foliar treatments, silicon and hydrogen peroxide had a positive effect on relative chlorophyll content and NDVI, but did not result in a significant increase in yield. Treatments with salicylic acid, microcomplex, silicon, and the total dose significantly increased starch content, while the application of silicon increased the amount of reducing sugar content. The results of the first year of experiments indicate that foliar treatments applied without irrigation can only occasionally mitigate the negative physiological effects of water deficiency, but irrigation is essential to achieve significant improvements in yield and quality. The research may contribute to technological developments aimed at increasing drought tolerance in potato production, but further experiments are needed.

• Effects of fertilisation frequency on the development of 'Australian yellow leaf' lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) under aeroponic cultivation

  23-43

  Edit Gorliczay

  Kornélia Montvai

  János Tamás

  Attila Nagy

  Views:

  53

  The high nutritional value and mineral content of lettuce has attracted the interest of many researchers in indoor experiments. Therefore, in our research, we chose ’Australian yellow leaf’ lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) as the experimental plant. In aeroponic systems, the droplet size, the intensity of the nutrient application and the light are the most important parameters that determine the physical and nutritional parameters of the plants. Based on these, the aim of the study was to determine the effect of different nutrient application intensities on aeroponically grown ’Australian yellow leaf’ lettuce. Four treatments were set up in the aeroponic system (AeroFlo20) which means 1st treatment – 10×15 min/day, 2nd treatment – 8×8 min/day, 3rd treatment – 4×15 min/day, 4th treatment – 2×30 min/day. During the nine weeks of the experiment, leaf number (pcs/plant) and root length (cm) development, total chlorophyll (µg/g) and carotenoid content (µg/g), water potential (bar) and stress parameters (Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo) were measured. Based on our results, it can be concluded that leaf number, plant height and root length increased with decreasing nutrient application intensity in ’Australian yellow leaf’ lettuce, so that 30 min of nutrient application twice daily is sufficient if these parameters are taken into account. In the case of water potential, significantly higher values were obtained for the treatment with most daily nutrient applications (10 times 15 min/day) (-3.72±0.33 bar) than for the treatment where plants were given nutrient solution twice a day (p<0.05).

• The effect of nitrogen splitting in sweet maize (Zea mays L. convar. saccharata Koern) hybrids on plant physiological traits and yield

  67-88

  József Csajbók

  Erika Kutasy

  Éva Babett Ábrahám

  Emese Seres

  András Szabó

  Lajos Dóka

  István Csaba Virág

  Attila Vad

  Péter Pepó

  Views:

  63

  A small plot field experiment was established to examine the hybrid-specific effects of split N fertilisation and irrigation on chernozem soil with calcareous deposits on the Hajdúság loess ridge. We tested the effect of different rates of the optimum 75 kg N/ha N rate established in our previous experiments at the given site. Irrigation increased the height of both hybrids in all treatments by an average of 13.0 cm. There was no statistically confirmed difference in leaf area between irrigated and non-irrigated hybrids. The different nutrient responses of the hybrids are shown by the fact that all nitrogen split treatments resulted in yield increases (7.5–17.5%) for the Tyson hybrid, whereas Dessert R78 yielded 1–7.9% less than the control in two treatments. The irrigation response of the two genotypes was different, with Dessert R78 yielding 2868 kg and Tyson 2066 kg more than the non-irrigated treatment, averaged over the fertilisation treatments.

• The effect of foliar fertilisation on the production technology of maize (Zea mays L.) in the crop years 2021–2022

  19-32

  Károly Kith

  Annabella Zelenák

  Ibtissem Balaout

  János Nagy

  Views:

  162

  Since 1983, long-term field experiments have been carried out at the University of Debrecen's Látókép Experiment Site, where our research was also carried out. In the years 2021–2022, we examined the efficiency of biological foliar fertilisers under precision drip irrigation. Maize stands were treated at the 7–8-leaf stage with foliar sprays of Natur Plasma T biostimulant, Natur Active complex foliar fertiliser, and Zinc and Sulphur Mono additives. The applied foliar fertiliser treatments resulted in yield gains in both years. The use of these microbiological preparations allows rapid and efficient nutrient incorporation during the vegetative and generative cycles. During the growing season, important parameters of maize hybrids (SPAD, NDVI) were measured at critical phenophases (12-leaf stage, silking, physiological maturity). The obtained results showed that the incorporation of foliar fertilisers and biostimulants into agrotechnology improved the strength of maize stands and resulted in additional yield gains over and above the base fertilisation.

• Effect of basal and top-dressing fertilisation and irrigation on leaf area index and yield in maize stands

  101-118

  Péter Zagyi

  Éva Horváth

  András Tamás

  Károly Simon

  Adrienn Széles

  Views:

  84

  The effects of basal and top-dressing fertilisation and irrigation on leaf area index (LAI) and yield in maize in an extreme dry year (2022) were investigated. The studies were carried out in Hungary, at the University of Debrecen Látókép Experiment Site on calcareous chernozem soil. In the field experiments, nitrogen (N) was applied as a basal and top-dressing fertiliser in split rates in a non-fertilised control (A0). The spring application rates of 60 and 120 kg N/ha (A60, A120), applied as spring basal fertiliser, were followed by two top dressings at V6 and V12 phenophases (V690, V6150 and V12120, V12180), at rates of +30 and +30 kg N/ha, respectively. The application rate was 115 mm of irrigation water. Based on the results of the test year, it can be concluded that in the different phenological stages (V8, V10, V12, Vn, VT, R1 R3, R6), averaged over the hybrids and treatments, LAI values increased in the vegetative development stage. The highest value was observed in the Vn phenological phase (irrigated 3.074±0.595; non-irrigated: 2.495±0.324) (p<0.05). The lowest LAI values were measured in the A0 treatment (irrigated: 1.663±0.633; non-irrigated: 1.324±0.455), while the highest values were measured in both irrigated (2.620±0.928 m2/m2; p<0.05) and non-irrigated (1.702±0.622; p<0.05) conditions in the A120 treatment. There was no significant increase in LAI as a result of top-dressing. The lowest fertiliser rate (A60) increased yield by 92.3% under irrigated conditions and by 64.7% under non-irrigated conditions compared to the A0 treatment. The 120 kg N/ha basal treatment resulted in a further yield increase compared to the 60 kg N/ha basal treatment (irrigated: +19.8%; non-irrigated: +24.4%). The highest significant yield was obtained with the A120 treatment (irrigated: 11.863±1.104 t/ha; non-irrigated: 8.649±0.971 t/ha; p<0.05). A different degree of correlation between LAI and yield was found as the phenological stages progressed. Under irrigated conditions, LAI values measured at the VT (r=0.753***) phenophase had the greatest effect on yield. Under non-irrigated conditions, the Vn (r=0.602***) phenological stage showed the strongest correlation between the two factors. The research carried out contributes to increase the target yield, to achieve sustainable production and to make appropriate decisions in extreme dry years.