The technological and industrial revolutions have always made an impact on education and the science of pedagogy by providing new opportunities, tools, and methods, presenting the real challenges for the teachers at the same time. Among the new technologies, the application and usage of artificial intelligence (AI) in education is increasingly regarded as a key driver of educational innovation and creativity in the 21st century. However, it is also highly important to ensure and support the continuous professional development of teachers with reference to AI, since the emergence and implementation of new technologies demand and require new competencies, roles, and a transformation in the teachers' attitudes. This essay explores and describes the appearance and application of AI in the 21st-century educational environment, examining the current trends, the development of new competencies, and the transformation of teaching roles, in order to outline a potential future vision aimed at achieving a successful and positive scenario.