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Indigenous Knowledge and Environmental Governance – A Local Wisdom-Based Approach in Indonesia (Literature Review)
65-79Views:460This paper aims to explore how indigenous communities in Indonesia play an important role in environmental management based on local wisdom that has been passed down through generations. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative research. The data for this study were obtained through a literature review. The method employed is descriptive qualitative analysis, examined through various social, anthropological, and environmental theories. These theories highlight the close relationship between social norms, ecological knowledge, and environmental sustainability. The results of the literature study indicate that various indigenous communities in Indonesia implement sustainable ecological systems through traditional conservation practices, such as the subak system in Bali, sasi for marine and terrestrial resources in Maluku, and prohibitions on indiscriminate tree cutting in Waerebo and among the Baduy community. This system is based on cultural and spiritual values that emphasize the balance between humans and nature. However, the continuity of this indigenous system faces challenges from modernization, the exploitation of natural resources, as well as changes in land use policies and marine environmental pollution. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of legal protection and inclusive policies that recognize the rights of indigenous communities in environmental management. Integrating local wisdom with modern conservation policies is a strategic step towards achieving sustainable development based on the participation of indigenous communities. This study contribute to social cultural and environment areas.
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Etymology, Cosmology, and Marine Stewardship: The Socio-Ecological Significance of Hygeralai in Luang Island
63-77Views:61This study examines hygeralai as a system of knowledge and socio-ecological governance practiced by the Indigenous community of Luang Island, Southwest Maluku, within the broader context of global climate change and increasing coastal development pressures. Against the backdrop of rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification that significantly affect coastal ecosystems, the study positions hygeralai not merely as a customary tradition, but as a normative and cosmological framework that structures sustainable human–nature relations. The research employs a qualitative ethnographic design grounded in ecological anthropology and the socio-ecological systems (SES) framework. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, documentation, and spatial analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Sampling followed the principle of data saturation, reaching a saturation level exceeding 90%. Data analysis proceeded through domain, taxonomic, componential, and thematic stages to identify the normative, ecological, and social dimensions embedded in hygeralai practices. The findings indicate that hygeralai is rooted in linguistic transformation and local cosmology that conceptualize the sea as both a sacred domain and a communal resource. The system regulates seasonal harvesting closures and openings, restricts fishing gear, and institutionalizes collective responsibility for maintaining ecological balance. Coral reef conditions in the Luang region, including Metiamarang Island, remain relatively healthy, characterized by low levels of degradation and high biodiversity. Nevertheless, ecosystem sustainability faces internal challenges, such as unstructured waste management, as well as external threats including illegal fishing, destructive fishing practices, and the impacts of global climate change. The study demonstrates that hygeralai represents a spiritually grounded environmental ethic integrating historical, linguistic, and ecological dimensions within a community-based governance system. It contributes to the development of marine resource management models for Indonesia’s outermost small islands by emphasizing the integration of local knowledge, institutional support, and adaptive policy responses to global environmental change.
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SPECIAL TREATMENT OF THE CSR
27-41Views:294According to a broader definition offered by Kotler and Lee (2007, 10 p), the focus of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is on „selecting an initiative that will do the most good for the social issue as well as the corporation”. Following this line of reasoning, the purpose of this study is to examine through the use of practical examples those activities of CSR that can be in connection with the category of special treatment. To be more specific, these are CSR activities are related to the treatment of persons with a physical or mental disability and the treatment of people with reduced capacity to work. When it came to reviewing the activities of the selected companies, the CSR activity of Hungarian Affiliate of a global pharmaceutical company (company1) was considered as base. The CSR activities of the four other companies and company1 were evaluated by performing a content analysis of their websites. Due to the diverse sources of information, the news of 2015 and the press releases available on their websites were analyzed separately. The content analysis of the Sustainability reports and websites of the selected companies, supplemented with the latest company news, has opened the door to the preparation of a wide-spectrum activity inventory on the CSR areas related to the treatment of persons with a physical or mental disability and the treatment of people with reduced capacity to work.
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TALENT AND EDUCATION IN THE CSR OF COMPANIES
53-69Views:356According to a broader definition offered by Kotler and Lee (2007, 10 p), the focus of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is on „selecting an initiative that will do the most good for the social issue as well as the corporation”. Following this line of reasoning, the purpose of this study is to examine through the use of practical examples those activities of CSR that can be in connection with the category of special treatment. To be more specific, these are the CSR activities related to talent and education. The CSR activities of five companies were evaluated by performing a content analysis of their websites. The content analysis of the Sustainability reports and websites of the selected companies, supplemented with the latest company news of 2015 and the first 6 months of 2016, has opened the door to the preparation of a wide-spectrum activity inventory on the CSR areas related to talent and education. In this way, the aim of this study has thus been fulfilled.