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Bugamorfológiai vizsgálatok Tihanyi-félsziget magyar szürke szarvasmarha legelő Festuca taxonjain (előzetes vizsgálat)
57-66.Views:59A munkában a Tihanyi-félsziget Belső-tó mellett található magyar szürke szarvasmarha legel domináns pázsitfű fajai közül a vékonylevelű Festuca fajokat vizsgáljuk. A területen három taxon egyedei meghatározóak. Két jól elkülöníthető faj, a Festuca rupicola és Festuca pseudovina mellett a két faj tulajdonságaihoz képest vizuális vizsgálat alapján átmeneti (esetleg hibrid) jellegekkel bíró Festuca taxon egyedei is előfordulnak. Az előzetes vizsgálatnak az volt a célja, hogy lehet-e megállapítani a 3 taxon esetében virágzatban olyan morfológia elkülönülést, ami alapján átfogó, az egész félszigetre kiterjedő és egyéb, szövettani és genetikai vizsgálatokat is végezzünk. A 3 taxon 6-6 egyedének 5-5 virágzati hajtását elemeztük. 25 bugaparamétert vizsgáltunk virágzatonként. Az eredmények alapján a virágzati hajtások, a virágzatok és bugaágak hossza az átmeneti csoportnál a két alapfaj közötti értékeket mutatta. A füzérkék paramétereiben az átmeneti taxonnál az alapfajokhoz képest nagyobb értékek adódtak, különösen a külső toklászok és ezek szálka hossza esetében. A felső pelyva eredmények átmenetet mutatnak, az alsó pelyvák viszont a füzérke mindkét füzérkéjében az átmeneti csoportban bizonyultak a leghosszabbnak. Az összes bugaparaméter együttes vizsgálata alapján is elkülöníthető a három taxon. A két alapfaj, a F. rupicola és F. pseudovina egyértelműen elválik, az átmeneti taxon pedig részben elválik, és a F. pseudovina fajhoz áll közelebb. Az elővizsgálatok alapján a terület taxonjainak széleskörű elemzése indokolt.
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Conservation survey of horse pastures and hayfields in an equestrian centre near Sukoro
37-46Views:40The test was carried out in Sukoró, on the lawns of the Sukoró Equestrian Center in May 2023. The purpose of the survey was to present the natural state and economic value of grasslands with different uses. The ceenological surveys were carried out using the Braun-Blanquet method, during which we recorded the data using 2x2 meter squares and gave the cover values in %. The squares were placed randomly in the given areas. During the survey, we analyzed five sample areas in three units. Our sample area I. is degraded fresh grassland, which was a horse pasture that was overgrazed in 2023, II. the sample area was a meadow dominated by sedge, which is utilized by mowing. The III. the sample area is Siki lawn dominated by Festuca pseudovina, which was also mowed. The IV. the deepest part of the mowing area, marsh meadow-fen, which is also used as a mowing area. Sample area V is silicate rock grassland, which is also grazed by horses, but was left alone in 2023.
With the exception of sample area I, which was intensively grazed in 2023, and therefore overgrazed by trampling, based on the tests, the natural state of the lawns remained valuable even after treatments, mowing and grazing. In the lawns, the largest proportion of elements of the native flora can be found. In the deeper spot on the mowing field, bog elements and the protected species Anacampts pyramidalis also appeared. A protected species, Allium sphaerocephalon, also occurred in the silicate rock lawn. The lawn management methods carried out by the riding center are suitable for maintaining the area's vegetation in a close-to-nature and long-term manner.
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Botanical and natural conservation comparison of seminatural and man-made grasslands in Paskom near Csakvar
3-14Views:282During the survey, the vegetation, botanical composition and grassland management values of a grassland were studied. The study site was originally a pasture, then was transformed into an arable land and finally back to pasture. The 160-ha-sized area is called „Szűzföld” and is located in the Zámoly Basin, West Hungary. In 1998, grazing of Hungarian grey cattle has begun on the grassland. The changes in the vegetation were followed from 1998, making records in every 6th year (1998, 2015, 2021). 6 coenological records were made in each type of grasslands, by recording the list of the occurring taxa and their cover values. During the survey the main questions were the following: considering nature conservation, coenology and grassland management, in which direction does the vegetation evolve with the grazing? Was the grazing with Hungarian grey cattle successful?
Based on the results, the grasslands became much more mosaic-like; drier and wetter vegetation patches could be separated (2015, 2021). As the grazing continued, species richness and diversity increased, especially in the wet areas.
The number and the cover of economically important grass taxa and legumes have increased. The following taxa became dominant: Festuca pseudovina in the drier parts, Agrostis tenuis and A. stolonifera in the wet ones. Based on the life form system of Pignatti, the area is not overgrazed, as rosette and reptant taxa did not became dominant. Based on nature conservation values, cover of the taxa of natural grasslands increased.
During the grazing, the meadow was universally covered mainly by weeds in 1998, and became much more valuable by 23 years later by means of nature conversation and grassland management. Moreover, this state has been stabilized according to the diversity values.
Based on the results, the grazing with Hungarian grey cattle was successful by both nature conservational and economical means. -
Pannonian grazed sandy grasslands in the Ipoly Valley
49-51Views:49The results of global climate change can be observed in climate of Hungary. In the last couple of decades significant have been observed extremes in the climate of Europe due to global climate change (IPCC, 2014), which the irregular alternation of droughts and floods could be traced in the Carpathian Basin (Bartholy et al., 2009, 2014). The river floodplains and adjacent wetlands were outstanding from a nature conservation point of view due to the increasingly exposed to this change (Capon et al., 2013). Because of climatic effects, floodplain areas are even more exposed to the spread of invasive species (Szollát and Schmotzer, 2004; Schmotzer, 2008; Füri 2000; Füri and Kelemen 1997; Čížková-Končalová et al. 2013), and changes in land use also aggravate this problem (Mosner, 2015; Penksza et al., 2012). The aim of this study is to present the impact of extreme climatic situations on vegetation in grazed grasslands. The question was, which Festuca species occurs in addition to this? Can Festuca javorkae or Festuca pseudovina be found. The Festuca javorkae, which was related to Festuca rupicola, could also be problematic, although this species was clarified (Penksza, 2000, 2009a; Penksza et al., 2020, 2021; Markgraf-Dannenberg, 1980) and its species differentiation was shown using molecular studies by Bnauer et al. (2003) and Galli et al. (2006). According to the description of association Salvio nemorosae-Festucetum rupicolae, Festuca rupicola is one of the species of the association that appeared in the present study.
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Recovery of grasslands in former croplands using the combination of seed sowing and hay transfer
5-11Views:54In accordance with general trends in agricultural and natureőconservation practice in Europe, grassland restoration and traditional grassland management has gained increased importance in Hungary. In grassland restoration using of low rates of seed (less than 30kg/ha) and hay cover is suggested. In the present paper the effect of hay cover combined with low rate of seed (25 kg/ha) is studied in early grassland recovery. We aimed at to answer the question whether or not the speed of grassland recovery can be increased with a combined use of seed sowing and hay cover. The establishment of Festuca species was favoured by hay cover combined whit seed sowing. The emergence of shortlived weeds was significantly lower on most of the fields treated with hay cover and seed sowing. The species richness and diversity of early weeds did not differ significantly in fields sown only and fields treated both with seed sowing and hay cover. Our results suggest that the combination of seed sowing and hay cover is successful in fields, where high rate of weed invasion is possible, thus intensive post-restoration management is necessary.
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Reed hay as a delicacy
3-8Views:7Comparison of yield and nutritional values of Phragmites communis and Festuca pseudovina main crops was carried out in 2022 in Karcag, in a meadow-solonyec soil condition.
In terms of yield indicators, the values for cane were demonstrably higher than for the concurrently mown lean bunchgrass in flowering phenophase.
The results of the nutrient analysis showed higher N, P, K, Zn and Mn contents in the cane than in the lean samples. However, in terms of Ca, Mg, Na, Cu and Fe contents, lean chenkase samples showed higher values than reed samples.
Of course, our results can only be considered as a first step in the refinement of the value metrics for perspective alternative fibre feeds -
The seasonal effect on the vegetation of Hungarian grey cattle pasture in 2022 and 2023 - A case study
29-36Views:44The "Szűzföld" area, managed by the Pro Vértes Public Foundation, has been managed for nature conservation and economic grazing since 1998 with Hungarian grey cattle. In the present work the vegetation data of the pasture were analysed for the years 2022-2023, in order to investigate the effect of the weather conditions in an extremely dry year (2022) and an extremely wet year (2023) using 2 × 2 m coenological records. To analyse the ecological indicators of species, we used Borhidi's relative plant ecological indicators: relative nitrogen demand (NB) and relative soil water and soil moisture (WB) scores. We also assessed the data according to Simon's conservation value categories (TVK) and Borhidi's social behaviour types (SBT). The grassland management assessment of the vegetation was based on the forage value scores of the species used by Klapp et al.
The results showed no significant differences in species in the two years, but significant differences in cover values. In the year with rainfall, the proportion of accompanying species decreased, while the proportion of weeds and natural disturbance tolerant species increased. The amount of grasses and legumes increased, which are important for grassland management.
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Comparison of vegetation of Hungarian Grey Cattle and Hungarian water buffalo pastures in a sample area of the Danube-Tisza Interfluve
59-64Views:88In the present study, we aimed to investigate the coenology of the Kelemen-szék in the Kiskunság National Park. The coenological studies were carried out twice. We compared areas with different vegetation types. During these two surveys, we examined in total 90 quadrats of mixed grazed and fenced control areas. Ones were grazed by Hungarian domestic buffalo and Hungarian grey cattle and others were no grazed. Based on these surveys, it is possible to conclude about spatial and temporal changes in vegetation as a result of livestock husbandry in the area. Due to the size and heterogeneity of the studied area, we intended to investigate small homogeneous areas and respective control areas. Coenological surveys were done on lower and higher lying pastures, saline soil areas and loess areas.
In the study plots, grazing led to stability in the species composition of loess grassland and saline grassland, so that they also satisfy the requirements moof nature conservation. The dominant and character species of the associations, and the typical species of the genus Festuca have a significant cover value. The dense and tall Puccinellia swards require more attention, because they are more vulnerable against grazing. Grazing and extensive livestock husbandry, which can be applied in the future, is a suitable method for the management of lowland areas. In order to conserve the associations, preservation of grazing is necessary. To provide amount of biomass of areas, the grazing has a significant role. The conservation of native loess grasslands, even in the form of fragments, plays an outstanding function. Hence, based on the initial surveys, the combination of Hungarian grey cattle and water buffalo is beneficial in terms of nature conservation.
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A növényfajok együttélését és fajgazdagságát befolyásoló biotikus tényezők száraz szikes gyepekben.
5-12.Views:75A növényfajok közötti kölcsönhatások egyik meghatározó eleme a facilitáció, emiatt ennek a növények közötti pozitív kölcsönhatás típusnak a vizsgálata a növényökológiai kutatások frontvonalába tartozik. A legtöbb kutatás szerint a pozitív biotikus kölcsönhatások jelentősége stresszelt környezetben a legnagyobb és az abiotikus stressz csökkenésével egyre inkább a fajok közötti versengés válik jellemzővé. Egy adott növényközösségben jelenlévő fajoknak el kell viselniük az adott élőhely környezeti feltételeit, amelyekhez gyakran hasonló alkalmazkodási stratégiákat fejlesztenek ki, ami miatt ezek a fajok bizonyos jellegeikben hasonlóak lesznek egymáshoz. Emellett működik egy másik hatás is, amely az együtt élő növények morfológiai különbözősége, és ezáltal eltérő forrásfelhasználása által teszi lehetővé a fajok együttélését. Kutatásunk célja az volt, hogy megvizsgáljuk a biotikus interakciókat, és a funkcionális jellegek fajok közötti hasonlóságait, illetve különbségeit abiotikusan stresszelt szikes gyepekben, mely során főleg a domináns faj (Festuca pseudovina) többi fajra gyakorolt hatására voltunk kíváncsiak. Vizsgálatainkat cickórós szikes puszta (Achilleo setaceae-Festucetum pseudovinae) 9 állományában végeztük, mely során 20×20 cm-es kvadrátokban begyűjtöttük a teljes földfelszín feletti fitomasszát (összesen 270 fitomassza mintát). A mintákat kiszárítás után szétválogattuk avarra és élő fitomasszára, ez utóbbit fajonként tovább válogattuk, majd a száraz tömegüket lemértük. A jellegalapú elemzések során a következő faji jellegeket használtuk: magasság, klonális terjedés, gyökerezési mélység és magtömeg. A főbb fitomassza frakciók (domináns faj fitomasszája, avar, alárendelt fajok élő fitomasszája) között, és ezek, illetve a fajgazdagság között kizárólag pozitív kapcsolatokat mutattunk ki. A domináns faj fitomasszájának növekedése pozitív hatással volt a funkcionális diverzitásra is. Eredményeink alapján elmondhatjuk, hogy a stresszelt környezetben egy nagyobb termetű faj jelenléte kedvezőbbé teszi a mikrokörnyezetet, ezáltal több faj kisléptékű együttélését teszi lehetővé, és hogy ez az együttélés leginkább egymástól eltérő tulajdonságokkal rendelkező fajok között valósul meg.
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Festuca pseudovina anyatövek termésképző paramétereinek vizsgálata
57-62.Views:73Tiszántúl természetközeli gyeptársulásaiban gyakori sovány csenkesz – általunk begyűjtött és három év szelekció során kiválasztott – 10 db anyatövén vizsgáltuk a morfológiai, illetve termésképző jellemzőket. A fűfaj tradicionális termőhelyi viszonyaitól televényebb termőhelyen végzett kísérlet célja adatbázis létrehozása a sovány csenkesz jövőbeni perspektivikus hasznosítási lehetőségeinek pontosítása céljából.