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The DESTRUCTION OF THE DOCUMENTS OF THE EÖTVÖS LORÁND UNIVERSITY IN THE 1950S
196-233Views:159At Eötvös Loránd University, registers have been kept continuously since its foundation in 1635. The storage of these and then the documents and minutes created in the rector’s and dean’s offices posed a challange to the institution at the beginning of the 20th century. From 1948, in accordance with the decrees and instructions issued in the name of paper-saving, as well as the archival decree published in 1950, large-scale document disposition began, and the remaining documents were transferred to the Hungarian National Archives. The documents created between 1635 and 1900 were transported from the university in 1951. From 1952, in addition to the disposition, documents also had to be transferred to the Hungarian Labour Movement Institute, so only a fraction of the documents created after 1900 ended up in the National Archives between 1953 and 1955. In November 1956, a fire broke out in the National Archives as a result of a shot, and all the delivered documents of the university were destroyed. Between 1948 and 1956, the Eötvös Loránd University suffered an irreparable loss, since according to conservative estimates, only 20 meters of documents remained out of approximately 2500 meters of documents, and thus it lost not only its documents, but also a large part of its past.
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ARISTOCRATIC STUDENTS IN THE "ATHENS OF HUNGARY": THE HIGH NOBLE STUDENTS OF THE GYMNASIUM AND UNIVERSITY OF NAGYSZOMBAT (1616–1773)
126-145Views:114Tyrnau (Nagyszombat, Trnava) was a location of great importance in the Jesuit school network of the Kingdom of Hungary, which provided students with various levels of education, from primary to university studies. The country's premier Catholic school centre also played a very important role in the education of the noble and aristocratic families. The aim of this study is to outline and examine the high noble-born student body of the University and Gymnasium of Tyrnau, using the new school records available. In the paper I will try to reconstruct how the function of Tyrnau in the educational practices of the nobility changed over the decades and centuries, which families attended the institution, and through some case studies I will also discuss the role of the knowledge acquired in shaping later careers.
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The Student Associations of the University of Budapest at the End of the World War and during the Aster Revolution
106-125Views:118A tanulmány a budapesti egyetem régi és új diákegyesületeinek tevékenységét, és az első világháborúban részt vett katona diákok hazajövetel utáni egyetemi életét mutatja be, valamint részvételüket az őszirózsás forradalomban. Bemutatja a hagyományos diákegyesületek mellett létrejött új – vagy régóta működő – baloldali diákegyesületeket, törekvéseiket, eredményeiket. Megpróbál rávilágítani az új egyesületek létrejöttének okaira, a két diákcsoportosulás eszmei ellentéteire, sőt ellenségeskedésére, eltérő gondolkodásuk gyökereire, ideáljaikra, valamint arra is, hogy mi volt a közös a diákság elvárásaiban. Bemutatja, hogy milyen események vezettek az újabb egyesületek megszűnéséhez. Ezekből a fiatalokból alakult ki a későbbi értelmiségi réteg, már innen ered politikai megosztottságuk, ezért fontos megismerni azokat a tényezőket, amelyek meghatározták mindkét csoport korai politikai elköteleződését.
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HUNGARIAN-RELATED ENTRIES IN JÁNOS FILICZKI OF FILEFALVA’S ALBUM AMICORUM
82-97Views:128This paper deals with the Hungarian-related entries of János Filiczki's album amicorum, which were inscribed during his European peregrination between 1600 and 1616 by Adam Kunisch, Johann Frölich, Sebastian Ambrosius Jr., István Miskolci Csulyak, Joannes Bocatius, Albert Szenci Molnár, Johannes Blofus, Maximilianus Fabinus, István Debreceni Dormány, János Keserűi Dajka, Gergely Váradi Farkas, Gregor Tribel Jr. and Elias Berger. Examining more closely the entries, new information and details can be gained about the life and studies of some inscribers, especially the young representatives of the local intellectual class: Sebastian Ambrosius Jr., Maximilianus Fabinus and Gregor Tribel Jr..
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Trianon and the Hungarian Higher Education Tome I. Ed. Gábor Újváry
Views:189In the fall of 1918 there were 23 state universities in Hungary. After three month 10 among them were disannexed.
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Ethnography and Folklore Studies at the Hungarian Universities until 1960
Views:181Ethnography and Folklore Studies at the Hungarian Universities until 1960. At the University of Budapest at the end of the 18th century it was Dániel Cornides (1732–1787) who dealt with issues of Hungarian ancient religion, while András Dugonics (1740–1818) paid attention to various aspects of Hungarian folk poetry (tales, idiomatic phrases, proverbs) and folk customs in his lectures. Descriptive statistics, reports of the state of affairs in various regions and ethnic groups within the country documented the ethnographic character of these areas and groups in the first half of the 19th century. In the second half of the century professors of Hungarian literature and language investigated and discussed these topics with a comparative European perspective at universities. Ethnographic and folklore-related knowledge was disseminated by excellent professors of classical philology and oriental studies. Professors of geography (János Hunfalvy, Lajos Lóczy) played a crucial role in providing information about faraway peoples and continents at the University of Budapest.
The first associate professor (Privatdozent) in ethnography was Antal Herrmann at the University of Kolozsvár (Cluj-Napoca, now Romania) in 1898. He delivered his lectures until 1918 in Kolozsvár, and between 1921 and 1926 in Szeged where the University of Cluj was relocated to. The first university department for ethnographic and folklore studies was established at the University of Szeged, where Sándor Solymossy, a scholar of comparative folkloristics, became professor. At the University of Budapest the first department for ethnography and folklore studies was founded for professor István Györffy, who primarily studied material culture and the people of the Great Hungarian Plain. His successors were Károly Viski (1942), then folklorist Gyula Ortutay (1946). In 1951 at the University of Budapest another department came into being for István Tálasi who was a scholar of material culture studies and historical ethnography.
The head of the ethnography and folklore department of the Hungarian University of Kolozsvár (Klausenburg, Cluj) was Károly Viski in 1940–1941, and Béla Gunda between 1943 and 1948. At the University of Debrecen established in 1912 a number of associate professors held ethnographic and folklore lectures between 1925 and 1949 (István Ecsedi, Károly Bartha N., Tibor Mendöl, Gábor Lükő), but an autonomous department was established only in 1949, led by Béla Gunda until 1979. At the University of Szeged Sándor Bálint was appointed professor of ethnography and folklore studies in 1949, but only after 1990 became it possible to provide M. A. degrees in ethnography and folkloristics. M.A. degrees in ethnography and folkloristics have been provided at the University of Budapest since 1950, while at the University of Debrecen since 1959.
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The "DARKEST FIELD’ OF MEDICINE: PSYCHOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE CURRICULA OF THE UNIVERSITIES OF THE HABSBURG MONARCHY (1786–1830)
78-103Views:203In the second half of the 18th century, there appeared a growing interest in Hungarian scientific discourse pertaining to the ‘sciences of man’, and especially psychology. Issues such as the place and function of the soul, its impact on the human body and the nature of mental disorders surfaced in the medical, philosophical and anthropological treatises of the age, whereas the treatment of the mentally ill posed new challenges and demanded answers hitherto unaddressed by medical authorities. However, in medical education, individual courses on psychiatry appeared relatively late, owing to the lack of an institutional background that would have provided the necessary amount of empirical cases and a training ground for physicians. In the Habsburg Monarchy, the first plans to the teaching of psychiatry were proposed only in the 1840s by the leading physicians of the principal asylums established in Vienna (1784) and Prague (1790). Nevertheless, psychological knowledge surfaced in medical education, taught as part of courses on physiology, pathology, medical police, and forensic medicine. As for psychological knowledge, these courses offered the basic outlines of the cognitive faculties, the concepts of feeling and volition, as well as the most common disorders of the soul. The article compares the curricula and textbooks of the three leading medical faculties of the Habsburg Monarchy, the universities of Vienna, Pest, and Prague. The main argument is that even though practical courses were introduced well into the nineteenth century, psychology – as a principally theory-based discipline – was already considered an important ‘auxiliary science’ in medical education.
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The STUDENTST OF THE JESUIT ACADEMIE OF BUDA 1713-1777
182-195Views:80The study presents the historical sources, history, students, educational level and attendance of the Buda Jesuit Academy (1713-1777), the Pest Piarist High School of Arts (1752-1784) and the short-lived Pest Law School (1756-1771). These are so far hardly known institutions of higher education in Buda and Pest before 1777, which laid the foundation for the subsequent flourishing of higher education in the capital.
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AN OVERVIEW OF THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TURKISH STUDIES FROM THE BEGINNING TO THE FOUNDATION OF THE ORIENTAL ACADEMY IN VIENNA IN 1754
61-77Views:128Turkish studies started in Europe later than Arabic and Persian studies. While research into Arabic was mainly justified by the underlying theological context, and Persian was attractive for its rich literary heritage, studying Turks and the Turkish language was motivated by two factors. One was the ever- growing political and commercial significance of the Ottoman Empire in Europe, the other being the Christian mission. This article gives a short survey of the theme and treats only the major Turkish grammars and dictionaries that appeared in print. Having reviewed the first rudimentary attempts at describing Turkish in the 16th century, the first European Turkish grammar written by Megiser (1612) is treated, then Jakab Harsányi Nagy’s conversation book (1642) is the subject of the next analysis. Afterwards, a scrutiny of 17th-century French, Italian, and English dictionaries and grammars are analysed (du Ryer, Molino, Maggio, Bernardo de Parigi, Pietro d’Albavilla, Mascisci, Seaman, Vaughan). In the following, Turkish studies in Vienna in the 17th century are dwelt on, with a special emphasis on the works of Meninski and Podestà, two major figures of Turkish research at that time. After a short listing of a few dictionaries and grammars published in Leipzig, the foundation of the Oriental Academy in Vienna is the next topic of the paper. Finally, Turkish Bible translations are listed and a few conclusions close the article.
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The STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NAGYSZOMBAT IN THE LIGHT OF MORE CONTEMPORARY SOURCES
146-181Views:103. The University of Nagyszombat, established in 1635, is Hungary's first, continously operating university. It's successors are the Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest and the Pázmány Péter Catholic University. A significant part of the university's archival resources were destroyed in a fire at the Hungarian National Archives during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Therefore it is extremely difficult to compile a list of the students who studied at the first Hungarian university. Recently, in Esztergom, new, previously unknown sources emerged about the students of the university. In this article we summarise the findings that can be drawn from the new documents regarding the students that studied at the Faculty of Arts and Theology of the University. The article analyses the university's geographical area, the evolution of the number of students and the social stratification of the student population and nationality, the proportion of foreign and national students.
