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• The FOUNDATION AND THE FIRST TWENTY YEARS OF THE HEALTH COLLEGE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN

  253-278

  Gergely Fábián

  Views:

  100

  The article reviews the circumstances of the foundation and dynamic development of the Health College during its first two decades when, with extensive Hungarian and international cooperation, four programs were launched in the college, which had not existed previously in Hungary.  In addition, several other programs, that up till that time had been available only in Budapest, were initiated. As a result of the dynamic training development, the number of students increased significantly by the end of the nineties.  Because of the increase enrollment, the College was struggling with a significant lack of space, consequently beginning in 1997 developing and improving the infrastructure became increasingly critical. By taking over and repairing old and erecting new buildings the college significantly expanded by several thousand square meters. Additionally, the dormitory of the college was also renovated. The creation of the college was part of the national concept and strategy in the nineties aimed at establishing and expanding higher education for healthcare workers.  In the first twenty years, six new programs were launched at the college, and by the end of the 2000s, the institution was able to start a master degree.The rate at which the college was developing was somewhat broken or slowed down by the transformation of higher education in the 2000s, the start and the storms of university integration, the introduction of the Bologna system, and the accompanying structural transformations. The college successfully faced the obstacles, and tried to take advantage of the opportunities arising from the new systems. The 2000’s saw the creation of new bachelor programs, specializations and master programs, including some that had not existed in our country before.The overview of the history of the first twenty years is inseparable from Dr. Zsolt Lukácskó, who was the founding director general of the college and then, after it had been declared to be a faculty, its first dean until 2007.

• Az eperjesi evangélikus kollégium tanárainak egyetemjárása a 19. század közepéig

  177-189

  Péter Kónya

  Views:

  81

  University Studies of Professors at the evangelical Colleg of Presov up to 19th century. Evangelical College in Presov, as one of the most important evangelical schools in Hungary, considered the high quality education of its teachers to be very important since its establishment, and as a rule, the positions of professors were occupied by the graduates of German universities. Before establishment of the College, the Town Council likewise had seen to it that the humanistic „gymnasium” had been lead by rectors with high quality university education. This paper aims at creating a portrait of studies of professors at Evangelical College in Presov, and at its predecessor – the Municipal Lutheran Gymnasium over a period of three centuries, from the half of the 16 th to the half of the 19 th centuries whereby the data about its rectors, conrecors and subrectors were used as a source. In the period of these three centuries 111 Presov Evangelical rectors, conrectors and subrectors acquired their education at 26 universities or colleges. Most of them, 34, studied at Wittenberg (30%), followed by Jena (11), Tübingen (7), Thorn (6), Halle (4), Vienna (4) and Frankfurt (4). Three of them graduated from the University in Altdorf, two in Greifswald and the Reformed College in Sarospatak and by one in Rostock, Prague, Gdansk, Graz, Strassburg, Helmstädt, Erfurt, Giessen, Erlangen, Rinteln, Paris, Vratislav, Dresden and Göttingen. Other 16 professors studied at unknown places, eventually did not obtained higher education. 20 professors obtained their education at more than one university or college, most of them (7) in the first period of existence of the College (1667–1711), and least of them (2) in the first half of the 19 th century.

• The Settlement of the Hungarian Royal Minin and Forestry College (Academy) from Selmecbánya to Sopron, 1918/19

  62-80

  Éva Sági

  Views:

  169

  The Resettlement of the Hungarian Royal Mining and Forestry College (Academy) from Selmecbánya (Banská Štiavnica) to Sopron, 1918/19. The history of the Hungarian Royal Mining and Forestry
  College’s goes back to 1735, the establishing of the School for Training Mining Officers. During the centuries, this school developed in his type to the only higher educational institution of the Hungarian part of Austro-
  Hungarian Empire. At the beginning of World War I, it was a Europe-known technical college. With the outbreak of World War I, there was a big rupture in the life of the college. The last lectures started on 6th
  October, 1918, but the academic year could not be finished. The troops of the new Czechoslovakia occupied the region. The professors and the students decided to keep the Hungarian citizenship and they wanted to
  teach and learn in a Hungarian institution hence they packed up the college and moved from the ancestral residence to Hungary. They had many difficulties during the flight but finally the so-called „refugee
  university” found place in Sopron.

• Klebelsberg Kunó és a sárospataki Angol Internátus

  84 - 101

  Róbert Barta

  Views:

  216

  Kuno Klebelsberg and the English College of Sárospatak. The study analyses historical aspects and relationships between the English College of Sárospatak (1931–1947), as one of the practical outcome of Kuno Klebelsberg’s education policy and the general features of the cultural and education policy of the time. The making of the College served threefold aims: strenghten the revisionist policy of the regime, emphasize new features of cultural and education policy (cultural superiority, new nationalism) and enforce vivid British–Hungarian relationships. The existence of the College also helped to represent the local and religious interests in the nationwide political theatre of balancing Hungarian Churches. The author reviews the acticity of Kuno Klebelsberg in this project-eg. his speeches, articles, visits to Sárospatak- and also the foundation and educational work of the College. The study emphasizes that tanks to the two decades existence of the College, new Hungarian elite generations were grown up with a deep belief that the only future of Hungary is in the family of nations of western civilization.

• CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HISTORY OF INDEPENDENT HUNGARIAN-LANGUAGE HIGHER EDUCATION IN TRANSCARPATHIA

  Katalin Pallay

  Ferenc Molnár

  Views:

  26

  This study aims to present the path leading to the establishment of independent Hungarian-language higher education in Transcarpathia. Transcarpathia, as a region and administrative unit, was established within the territory of the Czechoslovak Republic following World War I. After World War II, the region became part of Soviet Ukraine. The first higher education institution in Transcarpathia was the Uzhhorod State University, established by the Soviet regime in 1945. In 1963, a Hungarian department was established at the university, followed by the Department of Hungarian Philology two years later. The establishment of the Hungarian college of Higher Education in Berehove, which currently operates as the only independent Hungarian-language higher education institution in Transcarpathia, established the power shifts following Ukraine declares its independence and the period of higher education expansion. Local advocacy organizations and the Hungarian government played a decisive role in the establishment of the Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, ensuring the supply of teachers for Hungarian-language schools in Transcarpathia.

• The Neolatin Greeting Poems of the 17th century Professors of the Calvinist College of Debrecen

  Anna Posta

  Views:

  173

  The neolatin greeting poems of the 17th century professors of the Calvinist College of Debrecen. Contemporary occasional poems provide an excellent insight into the literacy of the early modern protestant intellectuals in Debrecen and the relationship between members: for example greetings, wedding greetings and mortal poems. In the 17th century prints connected to certain members of the intellectuals of Debrecen appeared with a nice number in Hungary and abroad, which were also welcomed by the professors of the Calvinist College in Debrecen. Collegial teachers volumes published in Hungary mostly by Hungarian, while polemical treatises printed abroad by Latin greetings accompanied. In my study I undertake to provide insight into the literacy and relationship system of the professors in Debrecen in the 17th century with detailed philological analysis of some neolatin greetings.

• CONSTANT VALUES IN A CHANGING WORLD- 35 YEARS OF THE SÁNTHA KÁLMÁN FACULTY COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES

  242-352

  Benjámin Regő Baráth

  László Nagy

  Views:

  277

  Student organisations, clubs and associations are always a distinctive and often dominant feature of universities in Hungary and abroad. Their purpose, and sometimes their function, is to cater to students' needs and areas of professional activity not covered by regular education and/or not covered in an orthodox way. The structure of higher education in Hungary, and in particular medical education, is rigid, partly due to the rules of the discipline, with lectures, seminars and practicals organised within a strictly regulated framework, which many believe does not provide sufficient scope to fully meet the dynamically changing needs of students, and thus the latest professional trends and technologies, as well as societal issues. Furthermore, the pressures of a busy curriculum and lack of time often do not allow for immediate reflection, experience, and processing of the challenges of our rapidly changing world. The organizations promoting students’ participation in research and various student-initiated organizations serve to fill this apparent gap and to meet the needs of students and teachers. The most prominent of these, in our opinion, is the Sántha Kálmán Faculty College of Advanced Studies, which has existed at the University of Debrecen and its predecessors for 35 years in an ever-changing form, constantly reborn like a phoenix. In this reminiscence, we are summarising the history of the founding and activities of the Sántha Kálmán Faculty College of Advanced Studies, relying on our own memories and experiences, archived documents, and the detailed accounts of former and current members.

• The ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND UNIVERSITY POLITICS BETWEEN THE TWO WORD WARS

  104-122

  Gábor Újváry

  Views:

  140

  Although economics education has a history going back to the reign of Maria Theresia and despite the fact that its  position has significantly strengthtened by the 20st centruty, the future of the subject has been a bone of contention ever since the 19th century. The majority supported the establishment of an independent University of Economics, however this was only partially materialized in 1920 with foundation of the partiallly independent Faculty of Economics. The faculty struggled with financial and placement-related issues, and the establishment became part of the József Nádor Technical and Economics University in 1934. This redesign involving a number of academic institutions (Technical University; Faculty of Economics; College of Veterinary; and College of Mining and Forestry) seemed to be succesful. Although the global economic recession resulted in the decrease of the number of students studying economics in the 1930s, from the 1940s on student enrollment figures  started to sharply increase owing to the economic recovery following the world wars. The Hungarian University of Economics was only opened in 1948, but the nature of the institution changed following the communist takeover, not in line with its original purpose.

• A peregrináció forgandó: A kései peregrináció arányai és árnyai – a sárospataki példa

  190-201

  János Ugrai

  Views:

  100

  Unpredictable Peregrinations. Rates and Figures of Late Peregrination at the Reformed College of Sárospatak. Between 1781 and 1857 two third of the professors and approximately half of the junior lecturers at the Reformed College of Sárospatak left for foreign universities and colleges. Instead of the Netherlands, by the 19th century the most preferred destinations of these 1–3-year-long study trips were more accessible German universities. It was the sign of a new era that the most renowned professors of the Reformed College were those who stayed away from these peregrinations and traditional ways, and many of whom became members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Interestingly, major curricular reforms and endeavours in the reform period may also be linked to such figures, including János Erdélyi, Sándor Kövy, István Nyíry and Antal Pálkövi. Comparing the life of the two professors with the longest and most successful peregrinations, we may come to completely contrasting results: while the great success of Pál  Beregszászi Nagy’s peregrinations led to a rapid failure, Gábor Őri Fülep’s career took off after his long stay abroad.

• Ferenc Balogh, the Supervisor Professor of the College Choir (Kántus) between 1880-1898

  90-105

  Gergely Kovács

  Views:

  113

  Ferenc Balogh, the internationally renowned professor of church history served as the supervisor of the Male Choir (Kántus) of the Reformed College of Debrecen for nearly two decades in a period of crucial changes. He devoted his agile activity into two directions. He supported the permanent employment of first long-term conductor of the choir, Sándor Mácsai, and he founded the historical researches of the choir, also giving a historical perspective
  to its identity. He accumulated the necessary financial support for the teacher-conductor’s position through his beautifully composed ceremonial speeches for which his students admired him. These speeches
  also served as the referential points of confidence for the young singers. This essay analyses his speeches and presents the actions that followed the rhetorical masterpieces.

• Négy ablak – a Debreceni Egyetem és a reformáció: (Ünnepi megemlékezés – 2017. szeptember 27.)

  155

  A Szerkesztőség

  Views:

  147

  Four Windows – University of Debrecen and the Reformation (Celebratory Commemoration – 27 September 2017) The University – founded in Debrecen in 1912 – has always emphasised its roots attached to the Reformed College. The aim of the festive council held on 27 September 2017 was to recall the several centuries-old close connection between the Reformation and the traditions of the University and the city through the college’s foreign relationships. The crystal windows installed in the University Aula in 1938 picture the Reformed College and its historical relations, the important stations of the Debrecen students’ travels to foreign universities, namely Zurich, Utrecht, Wittenberg and Geneva. They also perpetuate the latin names of the four traditional university faculties: Jurisprudentia, Philosophia, Medicina, Theologia. In the commemoration high-ranking representatives of the three partner countries – that became important to the city of Debrecen, the University of Debrecen and the Reformed College based on the Reformation – commemorated about the more centuries-old protestant relationships between Debrecen and Germany, The Netherlands and Switzerland. In the following, we publish two welcome speeches and two lectures heard in the celebratory commemoration.

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• ARCHIVAL SOURCES OF THE SAD PERIOD OF THE COLLEGE OF EPERJES

  177-198

  Alex Durovics

  Views:

  64

  The famous and historic College of Eperjes during the First World War included a high school, theology, a law academy and a teacher training-school. For an institution that suffered the hardships of the First World War, the collapse of the Kingdom of Hungary was also a coup de grace. After a series of hardships, the representatives of the new power no longer welcomed this ancient institution of the city. I would like to present now a brief selection of archival sources from this sad period.

• Debreceni Református Kollégium teológiai oktatásának története 1850–1912. A Teológiai Akadémia a Kollégium oktatási rendszerében

  30-51

  Ábrahám Kovács

  Views:

  172

  The History of Theological Education at Debrecen Reformed College between 1850 and 1912. The changes in the educational system of Theology at Reformed College of Debrecen were heavily influenced by the political-social events of historic Hungary between 1850 and 1912. The first date signals the introduction of arbitrary rule of the Habsburg monarch who suppressed the Hungarians during the War of Independence in 1848-49. The closing date is the emergence of a new state run university in Debrecen. The study throws light on how the Organisations Entwurf tried to modernize as well as Germanize the education system in the Habsburg Empire. As a result, the traditional education structure at the College was entirely restructured. It brought about the disintegration of humanity and art faculty into a grammar school thereby only the law and theological faculties were left intact for a while. The Reformed Church District strongly protested against the dismantling its more than 300 years old education system.  It is the irony of history what the oppressing Austrian could not achieve, it was realized after the Compromise by József Eötvös, the Hungarian minister of culture, religion and education. Needless to say that education at all levels needed to be modernized and standardized. It is clear that it had a positive impact on the curricula of Reformed theological education in the long run. The paper introduces briefly the life of theological professors, their career with a view to their studies abroad and finally their works at various departments of theology. 

• Jubileumi programok a 475 éves Debreceni Református Kollégium intézményeiben

  198-205

  Károly Fekete

  Views:

  102

  ANNIVERSARY PROGRAMS IN THE INSTITUTES OF THE 475-YEAR-OLD REFORMED COLLEGE OF DEBRECEN. he Reformed College of Debrecen celebrated its 475th anniversary in 2013. he College is a unique and interesting institute of Hungarian school system. It is a national historical site, where the reformed heritage of the 16th century, the values of Puritanism of the 17th century, and the intellectual efervescence of the 18th century are commemorated. Anational historical site where the victims of the freedom ight for our independence in 1848–49 are kept alive and where the College’s mission to foster talent even during the turbulent times of the 20th century is remembered. Today teaching activities are present on all levels of public and higher education from the kindergarten to the university.

• THE MEASURES TAKEN BY THE REFORMED COLLEGE IN DEBRECEN DURING THE CHOLERA EPIDEMICS OF 1831 AND 1866

  57-70

  Réka Bozzay

  Views:

  90

  In Debrecen, the cholera epidemic of 1831 caused great devastation, killing almost 7.5% of the population. The cure for the epidemic was not yet known, so preventive measures (closures, quarantine) were taken to stop the spread of it. Already the news of the disease caused anxiety among professors, who sought to get the latest news from the city. For a long time, they resisted closing the school, but when the epidemic began to take its toll in the city at the end of July, they were forced to act. Many of the students had left the school early, but those who remained were looked after by the professors. As the epidemic situation worsened, the city even considered converting the college into a hospital, but this was eventually abandoned following protests from the professors and the college's curator. School order was finally restored only in the late autumn. The start of the school year was only briefly postponed during the local epidemic of 1866.

• Források és módszerek a Debreceni Református Kollégium diáknévsorainak feldolgozásához

  39-44

  István Szabadi

  Views:

  79

  SOURCES AND METHODS FOR PROCESSING STUDENT LISTS OF THE DEBRECEN REFORMIST COLLEGE. In commemoration of the 475th anniversary of the existence of the Debrecen Reformist College a long expected, two volume resource guide was published in 2013 under the title „History sources of the institution int he archive of the Debrecen Reformist College.” It contains student lists between 1588 and 1850 cataloguing 20 000 registrations. his essay summarizes the history of this research and lists the sources used in the process.

• Krakkótól Wittenbergig Magyarországi hallgatók a krakkói, bécsi és wittenbergi egyetemeken a 16. században

  23-50

  Borbála Kelényi

  Views:

  110

  From Krakow to Wittenberg. Students from the Hungarian Kingdom at the Universities of Krakow, Vienna and Wittenberg in the 16th Century. This paper aims at collecting the students from the Hungarian Kingdom at the universities of Krakow, Vienna and Wittenberg in the 16th century. According to the medieval traditions, the majority of the students attended the university of Vienna and Krakow (90%) in the first quarter of the 16th century. After the battle of Mohács (1526), the situation changed
  basically, and in the second period up to 1550, the University of Wittenberg started to rise, however, the total number of the peregrinating students decreased significantly. After 1550 the peregrination from the Hungarian Kingdom started to increase, however, its magnitude reached the level of the beginning of the 16th century again only in the 17th century. The heyday of the University of Wittenberg dates back to the second part of the 16th century, when the university of Krakow was hardly attended by any students of the Hungarian Kingdom. Whereas the universities of Vienna and Krakow attracted the students originated from the institutions’ neighbourhood, the university of Wittenberg was attended by the Saxons and it was also popular with the burghers of Debrecen. All the three universities had an organization for the students who came from the Hungarian Kingdom. However, the one of Vienna (Natio Hungarica) was not a national college in its modern sense; the one of Krakow (Bursa Hungarorum) was considereda national community in the first half of the 20th century. On the other hand, it seems more acceptable, that those students were its members, who originated far from Krakow. The college of Wittenberg (Coetus Ungaricus) was considered a national community, but its students must have chosen it because of their religious convictions, since many of them were engaged in the new ideas of the Reformation. Meanwhile, the most-known reformers from the 16th century attended these three universities, mainly   Wittenberg. Both the first Hungarian Calvinist bishop, Márton Sánta Kálmáncsehi (Krakow 1523) and ‘the Hungarian Luther’, Mátyás Bíró Dévai (Krakow 1523, Wittenberg, 1528), moreover Ferenc Dávid (Wittenberg 1545), the founder and the first bishop of the Unitarian Church of Transylvania appeared at these universities.

• A szegedi Polgári Iskolai Tanárképző Főiskola és a Ferenc József Tudományegyetem együttműködése a tanárképzés szolgálatában (1928–1947)

  51 - 65

  Natasa Fizel

  Views:

  182

  The Cooperative Framework between the National Civic School Teacher Training College and the Ferenc József University in the Service of Teacher Training (1928–1947). In my study I demonstrate the creative process of the cooperative framework between two institutions of high education in Szeged, the National Civic School Teacher Training College and the Ferenc József University from the very first school year in Szeged in 1928 until the last one in 1947, that is, until a dispute that ended their cooperation. The discussion was aimed at the rate of role of the two institutions in civic school teacher training. My goal is to review the historical background and the method of research and then give answers to the following questions: what stages did the coming about of the cooperation go through? What effect did this collaboration have on the everyday life of the students? How is the dispute about the creation of the framework presented in the most important organ of civic school teachers, Polgári Iskolai Tanáregyesületi Közlöny (Civic School Teachers Association Gazette)?

• REFORMED COLLEGE OF SÁROSPATAK (Áron Kovács, Éva Kusnyír)

  158-159

  Ádám Hegyi

  Views:

  115

  Book review by Ádám Hegyi

• Magyar peregrinusok kölcsönügylete Erlangenben

  163-169

  Réka Bozzay

  Views:

  78

  The Loan Transaction of Peregrine Students in Erlangen. The sources—four brief documents—made public here offer an insight into student life at the end of the 18th century: the high fees of tuition, especially the cost of their studies abroad, significantly impacted not only on the cost of education but on the subsequent lives of the students as well. The ”peregrine students” were obliged to take loans, the burdens of which they had to carry for long years. Two of the documents here presented pertain to two peregrinators who completed their studies at the College of Debrecen but had earlier concluded a loan agreement in Erlangen, Germany. In the Archives of the Debrecen Protestant College we can read the texts of the original contracts, as well as the written documents submitted to the home church authorities in the matter of the reclamation of the loaned sum.

• Az eperjesi kollégium líceumi hallgatói (1804-1850)

  104-120

  Alex Dulovics

  Views:

  81

  THE STUDENTS OF THE COLLEGE LYCEUM AT EPERJES, 1804–1850. his study explores the history of the evangelical college of Eperjes, which was established in the second half of the 17th century and which was one of the most important institutions of higher education in Upper Hungary in the irst half of the 19th century. In the educational order of the school, which was revived in 1785. Besides classes of basic training a signiicant role was granted to the philosophical, theological, and legal training ofered in the most advanced classes. Utilizing the evidence of the data base pertaining to students who enrolled in the first half of the 19th century, the study conirms that the Eperjes school – as an institution with a higher-education quality – played a crucial role in the history of education in Upper Hungary. hroughout the irst half of the 19th century the school was capable of retaining its unique character, which permeated onto the neighbouring regions, while its educational program supplied the young generation of the evangelical nobility and of the middle class with the knowledge necessary for subsequent careers.

• LÁSZLÓ CSERNÁK (1740-1816), A PROFESSOR OF DEVENTER AND HIS LEGACY IN DEBRECEN.

  150-161

  Réka Bozzay

  Views:

  135

  . A former alumnus of the Reformed College of Debrecen spent years in the Netherlands, preparing for his hoped job in Hungary as a professor of Philosophy in one of the Reformed colleges. Although he completed his study in Utrecht and in Groningen in Philosophy and Medicine with excellent results, he was never invited to a cathedra in Hungary. He was offered a job in Deventer which he accepted and became a professor of Philosophy. He married a Dutch woman – Elisabeth Slichtenbree – and started a new, fulfilling life in the Netherlands. After 12 years living in Deventer, he received an invitation to a post of professor of History, Ancient Greek, and Eloquence in Sárospatak, which he refused due to his engagements (job and family) in the Netherlands. A couple of years later he was invited to Groningen for a professorship, which he refused, too. His scientific work Cribrum Arithmeticum was published in 1811, and Csernák sent examples of it to Hungary and Transylvania. After his death he legated a huger amount of money to his Hungarian Alma Mater, which was used for public needs of the college.

• A többször jubiláló 50 éves Nyíregyházi Főiskola

  206-210

  László Brezsnyánszky

  Views:

  108

  THE 50-YEAR-OLD NYÍREGYHÁZA COLLEGE WITH MULTIPLE ANNIVERSARIES. he essay ofers a short review of the history of the Nyíregyháza College which has several predecessors during its existence, raising the question when and how an institute with at least three predecessors and with multiple functions can celebrate its anniversary? he writing introduces the anniversary celebrations from 2009, 2011 and 2012 and the related publications.

• Rugonfalvi Kiss István történelem-professzor, a Debreceni m. kir. Tisza István-Tudományegyetem 1932/33. évi Rector Magnificusa

  3-11

  József Mudrák

  Csaba Zambon

  Views:

  215

  Professor of History, István Rugonfalvi Kiss served as Rector Magnificus of the Hungarian Royal István Tisza University of Debrecen in the academic year of 1932-1933. A historian of Székely origin, he first served as the local archivist of the Baron Radvánszky family estate, then he acquired a growing reputation as the chief archivists of Győr County. Starting in 1911, he became college professor of history at the Arts Academy of the Debrecen Protestant College, then from 1914 until his retirement in 1942 he served as professor of Hungarian history of the newly established University of Debrecen. He served as dean several times and he was appointed Rector of the University in the academic year of 1932-1933. In historical scholarship he represented the conservative alternative, thus he was violently opposed to Gyula Szekfű’s view of history. He is the author of work on the last Hungarian uprising of noblemen as well as on the history of the Székely people. After the the Second World War, owing to his previous political activism, he was imprisoned and subsequently he lived in the circle of his family, isolated from professional activity.

• Bruckner Győző (1877–1962)

  15-24

  István Stipta

  Views:

  72

  Győző Bruckner (1877–1962). Between the two world wars, the director and prominent teacher of the Augustan Evangelical Academy of Law—which was moved to Miskolc after Preşov was annexed to Czechoslovakia— was Győző Bruckner, who came from a German-Saxon Zipser family. His primary fields of professional interest were the cultural history of the Uplands region, the history and legal relations of the Spiş mining towns. hese interests of his remained enduring and he published a number of fundamental
  studies and monographs pertaining to these subjects. Bruckner is, however, known not only for his work in legal and cultural history, but he also played a signiicant role in the life of the evangelical church, and he had a crucial role in the development of the legal academy of Miskolc. In addition, he published a series of books and a periodical in support of the work of the college he headed. He lived to see the closing-down of his beloved legal academy, of which, after he retired in pension, he himself wrote a history