Vol. 15 No. 3-4 (2024): MMXXIV vol. XV. nos. 3-4.

Published December 31 2024

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Portraits

  • LIFE AND WORK OF CLINICAL PROFESSOR SÁNDOR ÁRVAY, DEAN ENDOWED WITH RECTOR’S RIGHTS (1954−1955), CURATIVE-PREVENTIVE (CLINICAL) VICE-RECTOR (1965−1971) OF THE DEBRECEN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
    3-20
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    179

    Sándor Árvay (1903-1997) was professor and head of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of the Medical University of Debrecen for 22 years. Three years after his appointment, he performed the duties of a dean of the university with the rights of a rector. Ten years later, as clinical vice rector, he managed the curative and preventive tasks of the university for six years. As a university student, he studied in Debrecen, Budapest, Vienna and Basel. During his clinical internship in Debrecen, he learned the theoretical foundations of experimental medicine at the Institute of Physiology in Basel. After his professional examination, he experienced the practical duties of healing patients as a chief physician in Szikszó, Máramarossziget, and Gyula. Armed with his extensive theoretical and practical experience, he was appointed head of obstetrics. He has developed his clinic into one of the national centers of the profession, and through his extensive national and foreign connections, into an internationally renowned institute. Thanks to his work, 5 department heads, 9 university professors, and 21 head physicians have emerged from his institute, the Árvay school. He was awarded prestigious state and social awards for his outstanding public activities in the leadership of the university and in social organizations. After his retirement, he selflessly helped his colleagues for another 17 years with wise advices and useful observations. His human qualities, modesty, puritanism, broad knowledge and wisdom are exemplary and are respected by all of us. We take great care of his exceptionally rich spiritual legacy, and preserve his memory with respect and grace.

     

Studies

  • REFLECTIONS ON THE FOUNDING OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE’S LAW SCHOOL
    20-29
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    185

    This study attempts to survey certain aspects of the founding of the University of Melbourne and its law school in the British Crown Colony of Victoria (the present-day Australian State of Victoria). This includes looking at the historical background and impetus behind the establishment of these institutions. Furthermore, the paper has a certain migration studies aspect, specifically discussing the important role of certain Irish Protestants in the early history of Victoria’s legal profession, the University of Melbourne and its law school.    

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  • ATHEN – CAMBRIDE – HELIKON. ETIMOLOGY OF ATTRIBUTES FOR THE SCHOOL TOWN SÁROSPATAK
    30-43
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    173

    The character of Sárospatak as a school town is well known. It is therefore not surprising that the settlement has been given different signs over time - to convey the high quality of education. The best known is the "Bodrogparti Athens", which has been used in this form since the end of the 19th century, but whose origins go back to Comenius' stay in Sárospatak. In his welcome speech delivered in 1650, the Czech-Moravian teacher called the school Rákóczi-Athenaeum, which term can be considered the etymological antecedent of the later indicative structure. The spread of the term "Hungarian Cambridge", which was prominent between the two world wars, was closely related to the school development ideas of Count Kunó Klebelsberg, Minister of Culture in the 1920s and 30s, especially the establishment of the English Boarding School. Regardless, references to the famous English school town as an example to be followed appear in Sárospatak already at the beginning of the 20th century. Perhaps the least known phrase "The Helikon of Hegyalja" is a poetic word creation of Mihály Vitéz Csokonai, from the 18th to the 19th century. The former Sárospatak student poet's attraction to Tokaj wine can also be sensed in the expression. The announcement presents the history of the development of the three adjectives, their use at the time and their afterlife today.

  • MINISTERIAL RETALIATION AGAINST STUDENT PARTICIPANTS IN THE „NATIONALIST” DEMONSTRATION OF 15 MARCH 1972: „THIS YEAR, ON 15 MARCH, FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE THE COUNTER-REVOLUTION, MISTAKES WERE MADE IN THE EXECUTION OF THE TASK”.
    44-67
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    261

    In the first years of the 1970s, especially on the day of the national holiday on March 15, large-scale celebratory and at the same time protest movements and parades of young people took place in the streets of the Hungarian capital. In the beginning, the authorities only imposed punishments on a few individuals, which were considered light at the time, but in 1972, significant prison sentences were also imposed. In 1973 and 1974, they tried to prevent street demonstrations as a preventive measure. During 1972, disciplinary sanctions were imposed on many students. The ministry in charge of education tried to coordinate disciplinary reprisals, and the process of retorts was regulated centrally. In the process, dozens of students suffered punishments, including expulsion.

  • The UNITY OF THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND THE CITY OF PÉCS AGAINST THE TRIANON PEACE TREATY DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD
    68-95
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    149

    In the Horthy era, the maintenance of irredentist goals became crucial among university students. The youth were socialized in a completely different life situation than the adult generation because they had lived through the First World War and the Trianon Peace Treaty as children. In this way, the desire for revision had to be constantly kept alive among youngsters because many of them had grown up without remembering Great Hungary. The aim was also to reinforce the feeling of offense that they did not accept the immutability of the borders. Due to this policy, the government and local city councils wanted the youth to dominate in spreading revisionist ideas.During my present study, I will describe how the city administration of Pécs, and the students collaborated in expressing irredentist purposes. The city council expected the youth not just to take part in various national holidays such as the Heroes’ Memorial Day, the celebration of March 15, or the commemoration of the martyrs of Arad, but also emerge as a key factor in the organisation of ceremonies. In addition, the students regularly participated in the demonstrations, which were organized by the Pécs Group of the Hungarian Revision League and the Pécs-Baranya Circle of the Hungarian National Federation. However, from the beginning of the 1930s, the students started to be more and more active in propagating irredentism, so it also became common for them to hold their revision meetings.

  • UNIVERSITY ANNIVERSARIES AND THEIR CELEBRATION IN THE HUNGARIAN HIGHER EDUCATION
    96-107
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    170

    In the XXth and XXIst centuries, Hungarian universities have experienced a tremendous transformation as a result of historical changes, and this transformation is still happening today. Not only have the names of the universities changed three or four times, but their organisational structure has also changed countless times. Several institutions have separated from their former universities, others have merged with other higher education institutions. In 2000, several integrated universities were established, but their departmental organisation has changed so many times since then, that it is very difficult to know when and from which institution each university counts its founding and when they have their anniversaries. Understanding the past of Hungarian higher education is also complicated by the fact that some of the predecessors of Hungarian universities were founded before the WWI in cities in now neighbouring countries. In the article below, after giving some examples from Europe, we summarise the changes that have taken place in the organisation of Hungarian universities dating back at least a century. We give  a presentation about when and what foundations were celebrated by the Hungarian universities and what historical or more simple jubilee publications were published on these occasions. We also list the universities that have taken such care of their own past resources that have become university archives. Last but not least, we highlight the possible important university anniversaries in the near future.

Sources

Repertoire

  • NEWLY DISCOVERED LEGAL AND POLITICAL DISPUTATIONS AND DISSERTATIONS OF LAW STUDENTS FROM HUNGARY IN THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
    137-153
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    150

    . From the second half of the 19th century, Hungarian cultural and book historians have been collecting information about prints that were published in foreign printing houses in the early modern period (16th-18th centuries) and have Hungarian connections. A significant part of the bibliography of publications written by Hungarian authors and published abroad in foreign languages are school papers and thesis booklets published in print by Hungarian students during their studies abroad in connection with an oral debate. Unfortunately, the publication of the data collected on thesis booklets stalled at the end of the 20th century and there is no easily accessible database of these publications available today. However, the surge in the number of publications on early modern disputation in recent years and the inclusion of theses in various academic research has made disputation research an important branch of the history of universities, education and science. This is why it is important that the publication of these Hungarica data should continue. The following list contains legal and political disputations from foreign universities of the 16th and 18th centuries, which have been discovered during decades of research and which are not included in the volume III of Régi Magyar Könyvtár and its supplementary volumes, and thus may be new to those who are interested in the period.

     

Actualities

  • 50 YEARS OF THE UROLOGY CLINIC IN DEBRECEN
    154-166
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    147

    A significant milestone in the history of the Urology Clinic in Debrecen was celebrated with a jubilee lecture series held on May 10, 2024. Urological patients were initially treated from 1921 at the Faculty of Medicine of the István Tisza University of Debrecen, within the Surgical Clinic led by Tivadar Hüttl. In 1958, an independent urology department and outpatient clinic began operations within the Surgical Clinic, and in 1972, the urology care system was relocated to the II. Surgical Clinic at its current location. The independent Urology Clinic was officially established on July 1, 1974, under the leadership of Márton Kelenhegyi. In 1979, József Pintér became the clinic’s director, followed by Csaba Tóth in 1995. Professor Tóth introduced numerous open and endoscopic urological surgical procedures, was a founding figure in the field, mentored many renowned urologists both nationally and internationally, and placed strong emphasis on scientific rigor. Since 2006, the clinic has been led by Associate Professor Tibor Flaskó, who has further developed laparoscopic procedures. In 2022, the former Urology Department of Kenézy Gyula Hospital was integrated into the structure of the Urology Clinic

  • 100 YEARS OF PEDIATRIC CLINIC OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN  THE HISTORY OF PEDIATRICS AND THE PEDIATRIC CLINIC IN DEBRECEN
    167-190
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    191

    The tradition of pediatrics in Debrecen dates back to the 18th century. József Csapó, working in the intellectually stimulating environment of the Reformed College, is credited with publishing the first Hungarian pediatric medical textbook. The official inauguration of the current building of the Pediatric Clinic was held on November 6, 1924. The internationally renowned professor Félix Szontagh became the first director of the Pediatric Clinic in Debrecen. Under the leadership of his successor Zoltán Bókay, the clinic gained further recognition both domestically and internationally. László Kulin was designated as a full professor and director of the clinic in 1949. During his tenure, between 1950 and 1952, the country’s first air-conditioned ward for malnourished infants and premature babies was built. Professor László Kulin retired in 1972, and an excellent clinician, his colleague and student, professor Béla Kövér succeeded him. Thanks to Béla Kövér’s efforts, one of the first Perinatal Intensive Care Centers (PIC) in Hungary was established at the clinic in 1976. In 1949, László Kulin was appointed public teacher and director of the clinic. During its operation, in 1950-52, the country's first air-conditioned ward for emaciated babies and premature babies was built. László Kulin retired in 1972 and was succeeded by his colleague and student Béla Kövér, who was a well-known excellent clinician. Thanks to his work, one of the Perinatal Intensive Centers (PIC) was established at the Children's Clinic in Debrecen in 1976. Professor László Karmazsin was selected as director in 1977. He created the conditions for the development of several subspecialties, including psychology, pulmonology, immunology, and neonatal care. During his leadership period were also established the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) providing diagnostic laboratories and scientific research. Professor Éva Oláh was chosen as director in 1992. She established an admissions department and prioritized the development of hematology and cytogenetics. From July 2007, Professor György Balla took over as director. During his time, new departments were formed, and the integration of the Pediatric department of Kenézy Gyula Hospital into the Pediatric Clinic strengthened the clinic's capacity for comprehensive pediatric care. Pediatric care in Debrecen became a leading institution even by international standards. Professor Gábor Veres was entrusted with the role of director on April 1, 2018. His tragic death in January 2020 interrupted the exciting development of the clinic, which sought to merge the Debrecen and Budapest schools. Tamás Szabó has been the head of the clinic from February 2020. The development and growth of the clinic continued both in the field of infrastructure, treatment, research and education.

  • REPORT ON THE 55TH REBAKUCS CONFERENCE
    191-195
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    161

    On the occasion of the 450th anniversary of the birth of Albert Molnár Szenci (1574-1634) and the 400th anniversary of the publication of the Institutio translation, the 55th ReBaKucs conference was held in Debrecen, 5-7 September 2024. The lectures focused on the life and work of Albert Molnár Szenci and the history of peregrination in the 16th and 17th centuries.

     

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