This source publication and study examines theology students from the Lands of the Holy Crown of Hungary – especially those studying outside seminaries – at the University of Vienna between 1714 and 1743. It is based on a previously unused manuscript preserved in the Austrian National Library (Nomina D. D. Theologorum inscribi coepta Anno MDCCXIV), which provides a more comprehensive record than the university’s matricula or faculty registers. Focusing on externi (non-resident students), the study identifies 218 individuals from Hungary, Croatia, and Transylvania (488 matriculation entries). Despite Tridentine prescriptions favoring seminary training, most theology students in Vienna studied outside seminaries, reflecting limited capacity and strong demand. The analysis reveals fluctuations in student numbers due to wars and changing educational opportunities within the Habsburg Monarchy, and reconstructs the cohort’s ethnic composition, highlighting the predominance of Hungarian (Ungarus) students alongside a significant Croatian and South Slavic presence. By publishing and systematizing this source, the article provides new prosopographical data on a largely unknown student group and offers a methodological framework for the analysis of similar matriculation records.