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• Comparison and evaluation of the efficacy of topical drug formulations containing diclofenac

  Krisztina Bodnár

  Gergő Kis

  Liza Józsa

  Views:

  23

  The choice of dermal dosage form is critical for therapeutic success, as it directly influences drug absorption, bioavailability, and overall efficacy. The skin possesses distinct physiological and anatomical characteristics that determine the performance of topical formulations. In addition to efficacy, the selected dosage form affects patient comfort, treatment adherence, and overall therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, optimizing dermal formulations is essential. This study aimed to compare different diclofenac sodium-containing dermal dosage forms in terms of drug release, bioavailability, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activity. Three formulations were evaluated: cream, foam and gel. Texture analysis was performed to predict bioavailability. Drug release and membrane penetration were assessed using a Franz diffusion cell combined with UV–VIS spectrophotometry. Biocompatibility was determined by MTT assay on HaCaT human keratinocyte cells. The in vitro anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by measuring TNF-α and IL-1β levels using ELISA. Franz diffusion studies demonstrated that the foam formulation exhibited the most favorable penetration profile, followed by the cream and gel. MTT results confirmed acceptable biocompatibility for all formulations; however, cream and gel showed a greater reduction in cell viability, likely due to excipients. The foam achieved the greatest reduction in inflammatory markers, while no significant difference was observed between cream and gel. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the foam formulation containing diclofenac sodium is the most advantageous in terms of drug release, bioavailability, toxicity, and anti-inflammatory effect.

• Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Dosage Forms Containing Niacinamide

  Péter Pártos

  Helia Bakhtiari

  Ágota Pető

  Dóra Kósa

  Views:

  596

  This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a cream and gel containing niacinamide, a commonly used active ingredient in skincare. Niacinamide, a water-soluble form of vitamin B₃, is known for its ability to strengthen the skin barrier, reduce inflammation, and regulate sebum production. Two formulations were developed: a cream composed of cetyl stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, glycerol, isopropyl myristate, sucrose ester, propylene glycol, distilled water, and niacinamide; and a gel formulated with glycerol, carbopol, triethanolamine, distilled water, and niacinamide. The cream, an oil-in-water emulsion, was designed for rich, long-lasting moisturization, while the gel was intended as a lightweight, water-based alternative. Both formulations were analyzed for pH, texture, dissolution and potential toxicological properties. The results revealed distinct differences: the cream provided superior hydration and barrier repair, whereas the gel offered a non-greasy, refreshing texture more suitable for oily or combination skin types. These findings highlight the versatility of niacinamide in topical applications and establish a foundation for further research on its efficacy in different delivery systems.