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• Impact of tillage systems on maize emergence

  129-136

  István Sojnóczki

  János Nagy

  István Kecskés

  Views:

  30

  In Europe, there has been a significant change in the way tillage is approached in recent years. This change is due to a growing awareness among farmers, politicians and society as a whole that soil is not a renewable resource in itself. From an agricultural point of view, the greatest impact on soil condition can be achieved through the use of the applied tillage systems.  My research takes this approach as a basis when examining the different tillage systems and their impact on the environment. In this context, conventional and a variety of no-tillage systems are examined in this paper. As a next step, it is examined how the environmental conditions created by the different tillage systems influence the emergence of maize hybrids. The analyses are carried out in a multi-factorial, long-term tillage field experiment. The same batch of the same hybrid seed was sown in several crop years, and the effects of environmental conditions on the emergence process were examined. Environmental effects and emergence-related uptake were measured in the examined plots. Measurements of environmental effects included air temperature, precipitation, soil temperature measured at seeding depth, as well as % cover of stem residue on the surface in the treated plots. The first emergence time measurements of the sown crop in the plots of each treatment were compared and relationships between these factors were investigated.

• Estimation of the vine-shoot yield in the Gyöngyös district

  21-26

  Cecília Gonda

  Views:

  108

  Every year, a significant amount of vineyard prunings is generated in Hungary. Instead of utilization them, it is burned directly on the field in spite of the limitations of legalization highly pollute the environment in recent decades. The vineyard pruning itself or with other by-products from pomology and forestry can be significant amount of fuel source. However, before the planning to utilization the essential task is to estimate the potential. This study examine that how many vineyard is generated in the micro-region of Gyöngyös in every year on appointed vineyard.

  In order to vine-branch potential calculate more accurate data was necessary so the products had to be determined for all plant. Thus, the biomass resource and the utilization become plannable. As the result of the experiment we can estimate that 1,5 t/ha vineyard pruning are generated. It means more than 9 thousand tons pruning in the micro-region of Gyöngyös. This amount can be convert into fuel source more than 150 thousand GJ heating value.

  The results evince that the vineyard pruning is important fuel source in every year in the micro-region of Gyöngyös. Further usage is suggested for other regions in other size.

• Relationship between the change of soil moisture content of different soil layers and maize yield

  19-25

  Lajos Dóka

  Views:

  151

  The development of chernozem soil water management and its relationship with maize yields was studied in a 30-years long-term field experiment with different crop-rotation systems (mono-, bi- and triculture), in three crop years with different natural precipitation: a drought (2007), a wet (2008) and a dry (2009 one. The relevant soil layer was divided to three sub-layers: (0–60 cm, 61–120 cm, 121–200 cm) in which the development of soil moisture content was investigated during the whole vegetation. From the results it can be stated that change of the water stock of the upper soil layer (0–60 cm) was the most intensive. Both the direct effect of natural precipitation and irrigation could be observed in the most obvious way in it. Yield result of maize and the highest water supply deficit values in the vegetation were compared in our work too. According to the results it was revealed that among the three studied crop rotation systems it was the monoculture, the success of production of which depends the most of water supply. The most favourable crop rotation system was the triculture from both the aspect of the yield of produced crops and the favourable soil properties too.

• Examination of the chlorophyll content of maize hybrids of different maturity groups at different N fertiliser doses

  159-162

  Péter Ragán

  Views:

  117

  Nitrogen fertilisation is a critical point of maize production. Five hybrids of different maturity dates were examined in a field experiment, three treatments (different application dates) and three basic fertiliser doses (0, 60, 120 kg ha^-1 N) were used. At the 6-leaf-stage of maize, each fertilisation level of the 2nd and 3rd treatment was given 30 kg N ha^-1 fertiliser active ingredient in addition to the basic fertiliser doses with the exception of the control plots and further 30 kg N ha^-1 fertiliser was applied at the 12-leaf-stage. The final fertiliser doses were 0, 90 and 150 kg N ha^-1 in the second treatment and 0, 120 and 180 kg N ha^-1 in the 3rd treatment. The whole amount of the basic fertiliser (ammonium nitrate) was applied in the spring, one month before sowing.

  The relative chlorophyll content of the maize leaves was measured, with a Minolta SPAD-502 measurement device. The measurements were carried out at the 6-leaf growth stage (V6) of maize on the youngest fully developed leaf of the 6^th, 7^th and 8^th plants from the second row of each plot.

  There were significant differences in the SPAD-readings measured at the V6 phenophase of maize between the hybrids (p<0.001) and the fertiliser treatments (p<0.05). The regression analysis did not show any correlation between the SPAD-values and fertilisation.

  The highest significant SPAD-reading and yield were obtained by applying 120 kg ha^-1 N. As a result of the regression analysis performed on yield, it can be concluded that the correlation between fertilisation and yield in the 1^st and 2^nd treatment was moderately close (r=0.439, r=0.480) and it was close in the 3^rd treatment (r=0.513). The correlation between the SPAD-readings and yield was the closes in the 2^nd treatment (r=0.639), while the SPAD-value had a 40.9% influence on yield (p<0.001).

• A szervetlen-C és a szerves-C mennyiségének változása egy homoktalajban, meszezés hatására

  8-10

  Péter Tamás Nagy

  Tibor Filep

  Sándorné Kincses

  Views:

  91

  The effect of liming on different organic and inorganic carbon forms in soil was studied in a pot experiment on acidic sandy soil (pH(H2O)=4.38; pH(KCl)=3.42). We used three kinds of liming doses (which were signed M1, M2, M3,). M1 was half of the M2 dose; M2 was the calculated lime dose and M3 was one and the half dose of M2. Lime (CaCO3) was mixed into the soil in powdery form. In addition to liming treatments, a uniform N, P and K treatment (1-1-1g N, P2O5 and K2O per pot) was given. Water supply was set up to 75% field water capacity of soil. Pots were watered daily. During the vegetation period soil and plant (oats; Avena sativa L.) samples were taken from each treatment three times (after 6-10-15 weeks). We determined inorganic- and total-C of the soil by Vario EL element analyser (based on dry combustion method) and calculated the organic-C.
  The conclusions can be summarized as follows:
  – Liming treatments had a significant positive effect on the soil-pH and caused quantitative change of different carbon forms of soil.
  – Increasing tendency of liming doses caused more intensive changes in inorganic- and organic-C forms of soil.
  – A significant correlations was found between the soil pH and the inorganic-C fraction of soil.
  – A decreasing correlation was found between the vegetation period and the organic-C fraction.

• The hydric stress influence on quantityand quality of the maize yield in the Crisurilor Plainconditions

  21-27

  Cristian Domuţa

  Views:

  109

  The paper is based on the researches carried out in an experiment placed on the preluvosoil from Agricultural Research and Development Station Oradea, Crisurilor Plain during 2008–2011in the following variants: V1=Irrigated, without irrigation suspending; V2=Irrigated, irrigation suspending in May; V3=Irrigated, irrigation suspending in June; V4=Irrigated, irrigation suspending in July; V5=Irrigated, irrigation suspending in August; V6=Unirrigated. The hybrid used: Fundulea 376. In the variant with optimum irrigation, water reserve on 0–75 cm depth was maintained between easily available water content and field capacity. Pedological drought was determined every year and the irrigation was also needed. The irrigation determined the increase of the total water consumption and yield gain in comparison with unirrigated variant. Irrigation suspending in different months determined the yield losses very significant statistically. The biggest protein content was registered in the variant without irrigation suspending; the values registered in the variants with irrigation suspending in May, June, July and August and in the unirrigated variant are smaller, with differences statistically assured. There was a direct link between de Martonne aridity index values and water consumption, yield and protein content and an inverse link between pedological drought and yield quantity and protein content. These are the arguments for irrigation opportunity in maize from Criurilor Plain.

• Experience at Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy on introduction and integration of precision agriculture technology

  73-76

  Sofya V. Zhelezova

  Egor V. Berezovsky

  Alexey I. Belenkov

  Views:

  99

  Traditional and precision agriculture technologies are compared on the basis of the field experiment. Problems of soil and crop survey and mapping are discussed.

• Analysis of the plant physiological effects of late, artificial corn smut infestation using remote sensing methods

  31-35

  László Radócz

  Levente Sápi

  Péter Zagyi

  Éva Horváth

  András Tamás

  Views:

  112

  In Hungary, corn is also infected by several important pathogens. In this experiment, we analysed the plant physiological effects of artificial late cron smut infestation using remote sensing methods under field conditions We examined the experimental area from which the data comes from with a DJI Phantom 4 Multispectral Drone NDVI and NDRE indices were calculated and analyzed in GIS programs. Individuals treated with a higher dose remained much greener than the untreated control. They also showed significant differences within the indices used.

• Studies of the influences of different N fertilizers and Microbion UNC bacterial fertilizer on the nutrient content of soil

  134-140

  Andrea Balla Kovács

  Anita Szabó

  Emese Bartáné Szabó

  Views:

  59

  A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different nitrogen fertilizers in combination with bacterial fertilizer on
  nutrient uptake of horseradish and plant available nutrients of the soil. Three different N fertilizers, ammonium-nitrate, urea and calciumnitrate
  (116 kg ha-1 N) in combination with Microbion UNC bacterial fertilizer (2 kg ha-1) were applied as treatments in a randomized
  complete block design in three replications. In this paper we presented the results of soil measurements. The soil of the experimental area
  was chernozem with medium sufficiency level of N and P and poor level of K.
  Our main results:
  The amount of 0.01M CaCl2 soluble inorganic nitrogen fractions, NO3
  --N and NH4
  +-N and also the quantity of soluble organic-N were
  almost the same in the soil. N fertilizers significantly increased all the soluble N fractions. The amount of NO3
  --N increased to the greatest
  extent and the increase of organic N was the slightest. We measured the largest CaCl2 soluble NO3
  - -N and total-N contents in the plots
  treated with ammonium-nitrate, the largest NH4
  +-N in the plots treated with calcium-nitrate and the largest organic-N fraction in plots
  treated with urea.
  Bacterial inoculation also increased both soluble inorganic nitrogen forms and also total-N content of soil compared to the control. In
  the case of combined (artificial and bacterial fertilizer) treatments we measured lower NO3
  --N, organic-N and total-N compared to the
  values of plots having only nitrogen fertilizer treatments. On the contrary in the plots with combined treatments the CaCl2 soluble NH4
  +-N
  content of soil in more cases were higher than that of values with artificial fertilizer treatment.
  As a function of calcium-nitrate application increased AL-P2O5 and AL-K2O values were measured compared to control. Microbion
  UNC supplement of calcium nitrate yielded also increase in AL-P2O5 and AL-K2O values, till then supplement of ammonium-nitrate fertilizer
  yielded a decrease in these values compared to the control.
  All nitrogen fertilizers resulted in a significant decrease in AL-Mg content of soil compared to the control. Nevertheless bacterial
  fertilizer increased AL-Mg values in any cases.