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GROSS MOTOR SKILLS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL: IS THERE ANY GENDER DIFFERENCES IN NINE YEARS OLD CHILDREN?
Views:346Proper growth and development of young school children require mastering different skills, especially gross motor skills - basic locomotor and manipulative skills. It is essential to monitor the physical activity of nine-year-old children necessary for further proper development and healthy habits, which will continue into adulthood. This study aims to determine physical activity level, BMI, and gender differences in the performance of gross motor skills in children aged nine years (± six months). The study involved 40 participants (20 girls and 20 boys). Their body height, body weight,
and body mass index were 140.46 ± 5.72 cm; 37.84 ± 8.21 cm; and 19.09 ± 3.56, respectively. All participants completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children and performed the Test of Gross Motor Development, Second Edition (TGMD-2), and two sub-tests of BOT-2 (Speed and Agility and Upper-Limb Coordination). T-test for independent samples was used to compare groups according to physical activity level (physically active and inactive group) and explore interactions with gender and BMI, and gross motor skills variables. F-values, p-values, and partial eta squared (ɳ2) values were reported as MANOVA outcomes. The results showed a significant difference between physical activity level and locomotor skills but not in manipulative skills. Further research should focus on various exercise programs that contribute to developing skills and participation in organized physical activity of children of different ages.
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CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHER’S TEACHING STYLE AND THE PERCEPTIBLE MOTIVATIONAL LEVEL OF THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
Views:133The goals of physical education teaching today go beyond achieving psychomotor activity in the classroom. The most crucial objective of the subject is to develop the child's need for physical activity both in the classroom and outside the school environment. To achieve this, physical activity motivation must become intrinsic, which physical education teachers can help achieve by using teaching styles and methods that promote autonomy and ensure that each pupil has the opportunity to develop.
In our research, based on the answers to the questionnaire validated by the Hungarian Student Sports Federation, we selected physical education teachers with a predominantly student-centered or predominantly teacher-centered teaching style. We asked a sample of physical education teachers about their attitudes and sporting habits toward physical education lessons using a PMCSQ-2 questionnaire. The results confirmed the motivational effects of student-centered teaching styles.
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A STUDY ON WORD ASSOCIATION WHEN TEACHING THE THEORETICAL RULES OF VOLLEYBALL IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Views:604Physical Education as a subject – much like other subjects – has its own literary and educational content and the primary goal is the transference of that knowledge. In this respect, it is but one subject. At the same time it is unique, being the only subject dedicated to improving the body and the physique, yet “when we talk about the internal values of physical education, we only refer to its own literary and educational content. The meaning of this phrase includes the system of movement-based activities as well as the related intellectual knowledge” (RÉTSÁGI, 2011). During a Physical Education lesson students learn and practice movement-based activities, the importance of which is to improve their motor abilities, physical fitness (MÜLLER et al., 2013. MÜLLER et al., 2017) and mental health (BORBÉLY – MÜLLER, 2008). It may facilitate the prevention of numerous deformities or ailments, thus contributing to the preserving and of one’s health (MOSONYI et al., 2013., MÜLLER, 2015). For the past few years, multinational food companies (e.g. Danone and Nestlé) have also realized this, as they began to promote various programmes to support the regular physical activities of schoolchildren (RÁTHONYI – ODOR – RÁTHONYI, 2016). Physical Education in schools can only be considered effective if students come to appreciate and begin to feel the need for regular physical activities. For that purpose PE lessons are needed to be filled with content that is serious, requires effort (i.e. it should be a challenge that inspires improvement), but at the same time, it provides every student with feelings of success and enjoyment. This work, which at many times adapts to vastly different students (i.e. differentiates), is the duty of sports specialists and PE teachers (H. EKLER, 2013).
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THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN SUPPORTING THE PERSONALIZED DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF ITS APPLICATION IN EDUCATION
Views:77Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based systems are constantly expanding, so it is not surprising that it has now reached the field of education. From the teachers' perspective, they saw potential in supporting teaching, while from the students' perspective, they saw potential in helping learning. In our research, we tested two hypotheses. First, how important do the teachers surveyed consider the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in supporting the personalized development of students, and how much potential do they see in the application of AI in education? We used a questionnaire method in the research. Three hundred seventy-four teachers participated in the study (N=374). 67.37 percent of the sample were PE (Physical Education) teachers, and 32.62 percent were SEN (Special Educational Needs) teachers. The results showed that special education teachers generally consider AI more essential than physical education teachers and support personalized development and practical and theoretical curricula. The differences are statistically significant, supported by low p-values (<0.05) and high t-values. The results may indicate that SEN teachers are more aware of the possibilities of using AI in education, especially in adapting it to students' individual needs. In contrast, physical education teachers are less optimistic and homogeneous in this regard.
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NEW POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS FOR MENTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS
Views:672The Hungarian Educational System, the Higher Education also Teacher Education have been constantly changing over the past decades. According to the results of international and domestic examinations, there is an increasing need for new standards and approaches, in the entire Public Education, especially Teacher Education sector.
The purpose of our study was to examine the key aspects of the mentoring process in physical education. We were trying to identify those special factors and identify new trends in the area of physical education. What is the role of these factors in the process of professional development of a teacher.
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THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT ON FITNESS STATUS of UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Views:902The physical fitness state of university students has deteriorated over the years. Relevant data is needed to investigate this tendency thoroughly. We conducted a longitudinal examination among university students in Debrecen, Hungary. At the first stage of our examinations, we examined sixty male and female participants to assess their physical fitness status. They participated in four different activities (pilates, spinning, wellness-general fitness, body-shaping) once a week. Each exercise session lasted for 90 minutes. We conducted a pre-and post-exercise screening, which consisted of a Beep-test, push-up, and sit-up tests.
We hypothesized that the different types of activities might alter the exercise response. Aerobic performance, upper-body, and abdominal strength may differ depending on the type of exercise—international recommendations suggesting that 150 minutes of physical activity is necessary for physical fitness benefits. Our results demonstrated that 90 minutes of exercise might significantly improve inactive young adults' physical fitness state once a week.
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MAXIMIZING JUMP PERFORMANCE: THE ROLE OF PLYOMETRICS IN YOUTH FOOTBALL TRAINING
Views:317Vertical jump training is a fundamental method for the physical conditioning of athletes. The synergy of motor skills exhibited during such movements substantially contributes to achieving motor acts and actions with higher performance indices. In football, vertical jumping, like other specific factors, is an essential element that can determine the outcome of a match. Football players need to be physically prepared to handle any complex situations that may arise during a game.
Our study aims to evaluate the impact of plyometric training on vertical jump height performance in young football players.
A total of 16 subjects, U11 football players, were randomly assigned equally into a PL group (N=8), which followed a plyometric training routine for 6 weeks, and a control group (N=8), which followed the routines set by the club team's coach. They were evaluated in two phases – an initial and a final phase – using Optojump testing equipment. The results obtained were compared using statistical and mathematical methods of descriptive analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality distribution, and the Independent Samples T-test.
Additionally, Levene's test was used to analyze the type of variances in the distributions.
Our study confirmed that a customized plyometric training routine can significantly improve vertical jump performance, considering age-specific characteristics.
Our investigations suggest that integrating this type of training into the subjects' routines can bring significant benefits to the development of motor skills, specifically to young football players, offering exciting perspectives for optimizing their performance in the long term.
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METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PREVENTION OF SPINE DEFORMITY IN THE FIELD OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
Views:481Correct posture is important for health and performance and is also the key to maintaining health. Incorrect posture can have many negative consequences for our physical and mental health. The study undertakes to present the incidence rates of postural disorders and scoliosis in the different grades of public education students based on Hungarian national statistical data, as well as to highlight the age group at risk based on the incidence. In adolescence, we encounter a much higher incidence of posture disorders and scoliosis, one of the reasons for which may be growth, which is not followed by adequate strength of the trunk muscles, but is also influenced by lifestyle factors. Another goal of the article is to provide guidance to physical therapists by collecting methods and tools for the prevention of spinal deformities, helping them implement primary prevention and spinal protection. A lifestyle rich in movement, leisure sports and physical activity can play an outstanding role in preventing poor posture, scoliosis and pes planus diagnosis in students.
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EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DANCE AND COGNITIVE SKILLS DANCE AND DEMENTIA
Views:1237Introduction: The study of dance and cognitive abilities is a common research topic today, as well as many studies and articles on the aspects of physical activity and cognitive relationships. Studying the topic is essential, as the two components actively influence our performance and quality of life, regardless of gender, age, or education
Objective: To examine the effect of dancing activities has a beneficial effect on motor and cognitive abilities. Furthermore, to investigate the interaction of dance and dementia. Researching exercise programs that do not worsen or accelerate the processes associated with aging, but help to stagnate dementia at that time.
Method: For analysis, we used an overview of English and Hungarian studies focusing on dance and dementia from Google Scholar and Research Gate.
Results: According to most research articles, various dance therapies have an impact on cognitive abilities, and studies have shown that dancing exercise programs (either in pairs or solo) do not impair the health of people with dementia. Many studies do not provide accurate test data, which would be extremely important as further research is conducted.
Conclusions: First, there is a significant relationship between cognitive function and physical activity. On the other hand, there are no specific procedures, exercise programs, or measurement methods that can improve dementia.
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YOUTH SPORT SPECIALIZATION AND PARENTAL INFLUENCE: A TWO-CITY SURVEY FROM HUNGARY
Views:23This study explores the role of parental influence in youth sport selection, motivation, and specialization. Parents of young athletes from two Hungarian county seats were surveyed to identify regional differences. Results indicate that parental influence is generally moderate or low but stronger in families with higher financial investment. Specialization increases in adolescence, while younger participants are more likely to try multiple sports. There is a discrepancy between participants and their parents’ competitive aspirations: participants more often aim for the professional level than parents expect. The findings contribute to developing youth sports talent management and parental education in Hungary.
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INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS DETERMINING PERFORMANCE AMONG COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS AND THEIR COACHES
Views:297In our country, swimming is one of the most successful sports. The question arises as to what might be the key to success. What are the factors that determine effectiveness? We sought the answer to this in our research. We examined the opinions of competitive swimmers (N=63) and swimming coaches (N=27) in the Eastern Hungary region. We used a questionnaire method during the survey. We focused separately on inherited and acquired skills and the importance of the coach-athlete relationship, relying on previous literature. Based on our results, the five most important factors for success are competition and training stress tolerance, performance motivation, the ability to learn competition technique, the coach-athlete relationship, as well as parents' moral support. Based on the athletes' opinion, the most decisive factor in their success is the coach's expertise, diligence, internal motivation, and parents' support.
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THE ROLE OF THE LEADER, MENTOR TEACHER AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN THE BIPOLAR MENTOR RELATIONSHIP
Views:269During the mentoring work, the question often arises as to how much the mentor becomes a model for the student or intern. What could be the reason why some people reflect the values and models that they represent and thus the students follow and respect them, just by their activities, by the manifestation of their personality, by their existence within the entire school? How can the mentoring task be made more effective? Answering these questions motivated me to prepare the research, the purpose of which is to determine the role of the mentor teacher in the mentoring process and to demonstrate the criteria for the success and efficiency of the mentor-student relationship. To answer the research questions, we conducted a questionnaire survey. In the study, we interviewed teachers and mentor teachers (n=30), of whom 63% were women, 36.7% were men (average age 51, minimum: 38, maximum: 65). 66.7% have more than 20 years of teaching experience. 11.9% of the respondents teach in the field of physical education and sports literacy. Our results showed that the lead and mentor teacher has a decisive role in the mentoring process and his personal influence can be an important factor in the retention of teacher candidates. In the mentoring process, openness to the new, mutual respect and critical, empathetic mentoring behavior are the most encouraging in the bipolar mentoring relationship. Students' self-confidence is increased most by the teacher's encouraging behavior based on professional knowledge. In terms of their own development, mentors are mostly inspired by students with a cooperative, positive attitude, but they are at least as motivated by the student's interest in teaching and becoming a teacher. It is interesting that it is not the powerful managerial control, but the developmental mentoring control that assumes reflexivity that appears during the teachings.
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WITH THE APPEARANCE OF COVID-19 THE DETERMINATION OF THE „FINISHED” ICE HOCKEY CHAMPIONSHIPS’ FINAL RESULTS – FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE THEORIES OF JUSTICE
Views:221COVID-19 has long-term effects – solving (or trying to solve) these primary social problems attention can also be focused on sport as a social subsystem. The study examines the competitive sport, including the final results of championships in ice hockey. Most championships were going on when the COVID-19 pandemic broke out. As a result, the most of the championships were suspended – which were either continued after the restrictions, or ended the season. What about the ice hockey tournaments, where the season ended prematurely? In this case, was the final result determined as well? If so, on what basis? At determining the final results, the organizers tried to make the most just decision. However, on what basis is it just to determine the final results of these championships? The study examines several theories of justice which play a (key) role in determining the final result of ice hockey in different championships. The study confirms this theory in several case examples: the organizers (league association) really made a just decision. The only, but the most important question is: which theory of justice was (or theories of justice were) dominated in determining the final results? In each case examined, the principle of meritocracy appeared (at some level). In accordance to the nature (telos) of the competitive sports, at determining of the final results the idea of meritocracy dominated. However, there is also a difference within meritocracy: between the timeliness and actuality of the reached results. In addition to the achievements on the sports field, the egalitarianism has also appeared in many cases, as another theory of justice – as well as the utilitarianism (by Bentham and Mill).