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NEW POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS FOR MENTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS
Views:505The Hungarian Educational System, the Higher Education also Teacher Education have been constantly changing over the past decades. According to the results of international and domestic examinations, there is an increasing need for new standards and approaches, in the entire Public Education, especially Teacher Education sector.
The purpose of our study was to examine the key aspects of the mentoring process in physical education. We were trying to identify those special factors and identify new trends in the area of physical education. What is the role of these factors in the process of professional development of a teacher.
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEMENTIA AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Views:825Introduction: Many studies have already shown that, there is connection between physical actitity and cognitive functions. Therefore, the aim of our research is to examine the relationship between cognitive decline (dementia) and physical activity.
Method: The research genre was a secondary method analysis. The literature review was primarily collected from articles published on international scientific sites.
Results: A total of 11 reviews were examined, examining the relationship between dementia and physical activity, which included 217 articles. Research has supported our hypothesis, that regular exercise has a positive effect on the prevention of dementia by reducing the risk of dementia.
Conclusion: It would be worthwhile to further investigate, which types of exercise at what repetition rate and what intensity achieve the best results in reducing the risk of dementia, or slowing the process of dementia.
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IT TOOLS OF SOCCER PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
Views:788Soccer is the world's most popular sport, well represented by the fact that the 2018 Russian Soccer World Cup has been followed by more than half of the world's population on some platform. For each win, teams do their best to create a competitive advantage over their rivals. Information technology is one of the explosive fields that has led to significant changes in soccer as well. For example, innovative solutions have emerged in the sports industry that have contributed to the acceleration of the game, technological innovations in soccer streaming can enhance the fan experience with up to 3-dimensional replays, or recently introduced video referee and goal line technology to solve disputed situations. In soccer, the analysis of the match and the resulting data that characterizes the performance of the players and the team, which can be analyzed from many angles: technical, tactical, mental and physiological, can play an important role. The advancement of technology has made it possible for soccer professionals to access significant amounts of variable format data, the processing and utilization of which is crucial to them.
The primary objective of this article is to present the importance of IT tools of performance analysis in soccer.
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SELECTION AND TALENT MANAGEMENT IN THE SOCCER ACADEMY OF DEBRECEN, HUNGARY
Views:470The aim of this study is to deal with the survey of the selection and the system of talent management through the example of the Debrecen Soccer Academy. In connection with this topic we analyzed international and Hungarian articles, in addition we examined the structure, operation and role of the youth age players. It is not an easy task to recognise the talent of the players. The selection of talented sportsman is a very complex process during which you must consider many aspects such as human biological characteristics, physiological and sociological factors. Psychological and cognitive factors are also decisive. Several studies prove that being successful as an adult can be predicted at a young age.
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GROSS MOTOR SKILLS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL: IS THERE ANY GENDER DIFFERENCES IN NINE YEARS OLD CHILDREN?
Views:288Proper growth and development of young school children require mastering different skills, especially gross motor skills - basic locomotor and manipulative skills. It is essential to monitor the physical activity of nine-year-old children necessary for further proper development and healthy habits, which will continue into adulthood. This study aims to determine physical activity level, BMI, and gender differences in the performance of gross motor skills in children aged nine years (± six months). The study involved 40 participants (20 girls and 20 boys). Their body height, body weight,
and body mass index were 140.46 ± 5.72 cm; 37.84 ± 8.21 cm; and 19.09 ± 3.56, respectively. All participants completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children and performed the Test of Gross Motor Development, Second Edition (TGMD-2), and two sub-tests of BOT-2 (Speed and Agility and Upper-Limb Coordination). T-test for independent samples was used to compare groups according to physical activity level (physically active and inactive group) and explore interactions with gender and BMI, and gross motor skills variables. F-values, p-values, and partial eta squared (ɳ2) values were reported as MANOVA outcomes. The results showed a significant difference between physical activity level and locomotor skills but not in manipulative skills. Further research should focus on various exercise programs that contribute to developing skills and participation in organized physical activity of children of different ages.
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THE ROLE OF THE LEADER, MENTOR TEACHER AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN THE BIPOLAR MENTOR RELATIONSHIP
Views:159During the mentoring work, the question often arises as to how much the mentor becomes a model for the student or intern. What could be the reason why some people reflect the values and models that they represent and thus the students follow and respect them, just by their activities, by the manifestation of their personality, by their existence within the entire school? How can the mentoring task be made more effective? Answering these questions motivated me to prepare the research, the purpose of which is to determine the role of the mentor teacher in the mentoring process and to demonstrate the criteria for the success and efficiency of the mentor-student relationship. To answer the research questions, we conducted a questionnaire survey. In the study, we interviewed teachers and mentor teachers (n=30), of whom 63% were women, 36.7% were men (average age 51, minimum: 38, maximum: 65). 66.7% have more than 20 years of teaching experience. 11.9% of the respondents teach in the field of physical education and sports literacy. Our results showed that the lead and mentor teacher has a decisive role in the mentoring process and his personal influence can be an important factor in the retention of teacher candidates. In the mentoring process, openness to the new, mutual respect and critical, empathetic mentoring behavior are the most encouraging in the bipolar mentoring relationship. Students' self-confidence is increased most by the teacher's encouraging behavior based on professional knowledge. In terms of their own development, mentors are mostly inspired by students with a cooperative, positive attitude, but they are at least as motivated by the student's interest in teaching and becoming a teacher. It is interesting that it is not the powerful managerial control, but the developmental mentoring control that assumes reflexivity that appears during the teachings.
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PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS MONITORING USING INVASIVE AND NON-INVASIVE METHODS IN ATHLETES
Views:410Introduction: The quality of performance is essential both in everyday life and in competition. In sports science (also), we have to think of the man in a complex way as a bio-psycho-social unit. In addition to changes in ECG HR and blood cortisol levels, gastrointestinal tract movements are also associated with stress management (FUKUNAGA et al., 2000) (VIANNA - TRANEL, 2006), which plays a crucial role in determining the quality of performance. Several preclinical trials have formed the basis of our research (SZŰCS et al., 2018).
Objective: Based on our earlier research and literature reviews, we would like to test and participate in validating a new method that can monitor the effects of stress on humans in real-time, in a non-invasive way, with quantitative results. In addition to GI monitoring, cortisol levels are measured invasively in the subjects, so we hope to obtain complex results.
Methods: n = 13, athletes, male = 11, female = 2, mean age 22 +/- 1,031 years. Our protocol was 115 minutes, in which we distinguished four stages (rest, stress, latency 1, latency 2). We use two methods to measure stress. One is the blood cortisol level (ELISA), and the other is the MDE Heidelberg Stress Holter (EGG), which is an innovative measurement tool capable of simultaneously examining several parameters (Small Intestine, Colon, Stomach, ECG HR). The VTS DT package was used as a stressor.
Result: Based on the complex results of the EGG, we can conclude that the Small Intestine, Colon, and Stomach motility, as assessed by the Power Spectrum (PS) Fold Change (FC) calculation, increased together under stress, and then latency decreased together over time. However, the rate of change in cortisol levels showed that most participants adapted the stressor as eustress so that its value decreased linearly.
Conclusions: Innovative measurement and evaluation methods are well utilized, as they can communicate many measurement data in a valid, real-time, non-invasive way, with a parallel display. These data and results will be used in athlete selection, mental training, elite sports, neuro-biofeedback, and health preservation.
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPORTS ACTIVITY HABITS AND WORKSITE HEALTH PROMOTION AMONG EMPLOYEES WORKING IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, DEFENCE AND SOCIAL SECURITY SECTORS
Views:156Growth in the economy and production, as well as increased labor burdens, have led to an increase in the number of occupational health, including accidents at work and occupational diseases.
As the first steps of the methodology described in international models, this research facilitates the steps of assessment and evaluation, followed by planning, among individuals, organizations and the supporting environment. Within the framework of the series of surveys, we assessed, among others, the sports activity of workers in the sectors of public administration, defense and compulsory social security. Our hypothesis that the majority of employers (at least 70%) provide health promotion according to employees has not been confirmed. More than a third of worksites (37.9%) provide health promotion opportunities based on employee responses. Based on the results obtained, comprehensive proposals can be formulated that can be useful to employers, employees and actors in the supportive environment.
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FLOW PRONENESS, ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AND LOCUS OF CONTROL AMONG DUAL CAREER ATHLETES
Views:319Achieving peak performance is strongly connected to athletic flow experiences, and it is also considered one of the main goals in professional sports. For this reason, it essential to systematically examine any contributing factor connected to athletes’ flow proneness. This study examined the assumed connection between flow proneness, achievement motivation, and locus of control among dual-career athletes. Furthermore, the universality of sport flow experiences was also tested. We used Oláh’s (2005) Flow Questionnaire, Rotter’s (1966) Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, and the Achievement Motivation Test developed by Lang and Fries (2006). The test was shared online by the snowball method, and the sample consisted of 178 dual career athletes. According to the results, there is a significant connection between flow proneness, achievement motivation, and locus of control. The universality of flow was also proven.
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EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE ON IMMUNE FUNCTIONS
Views:759Physical activity and exercise are especially important in maintaining health and reducing risk of many diseases. Exercise leads to a pronounced immunomodulation by affecting the elements of innate immune system, as well as the ratio and functions of neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells, which are involved in the development, maintenance and elimination of inflammation. In the adaptive immune system, Th1 / Th2 balance shift toward Th2, and high-intensity training causes an increase in the proportion of regulatory T cells, as opposed to the effect of non-strenuous exercise on the Treg cell ratio. In response to exercise, there is a lack of data on B cells, but some studies have reported a decrease in immunoglobulin secretion. In our own research we observed changes in naive and memory B cell ratios. Upon exercise, IL-6, as proinflammatory cytokine, promotes T cell proliferation, activation, and differentiation of B cells into antibody-producing plasma cells. Hormonal factors play an important role in the background of immunological changes. Exercise stimulates the secretion of both adrenaline and noradrenalin, and their concentration in the blood is directly proportional to the duration of exercise. Endurance exercise is associated with increased cortisol levels, while low intensity exercise does not significantly affect cortisol levels. Exercise and physical stress can increase the concentration of endorphins by 3 to 10 times; β-endorphin inhibits T and B cell activity, thus reduces antibody production. Testosterone causes a reduction in antibodies to IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ, Ig-M and Ig-G. Based on the above, mild to moderate physical activity contributes to the enhancement of immune reactivity and the immune response. On the other hand, strenuous exercise with increased intensity leads to a deterioration of immune function and impaired immunological defense.
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DECISION-MAKING AND GAME INTELLIGENCE WITH BASKETBALL STATISTICS
Views:575Introduction: basketball is one of the most popular teams sports worldwide. It is generally regarded as the second most popular sport globally, with around 450 million registered players (RÁTGÉBER et al., 2019). The attention, decision-making, interaction with the participants, and recovery of a basketball player are complex. It can be influenced by internal and external factors as well as by different stimuli. The current mental and physical state of athletes affects their performance. Experience, reception and adaptation of developmental stimuli determine performance during the game. Cognitive abilities, executive functions, and inhibition are all psychological processes that can help or hinder concentration. It is essential to assess and measure to enhance sports performance and provide objective support for our subjective assumptions. Many technical and tactical elements characterize basketball, but it is also essential to have relevant motor and affective skills when making decisions. Players need to adapt to sudden and varied stimuli and make the most intelligent and appropriate decision to achieve a positive outcome. Live statistics may indicate the effectiveness of decision-making during the game. In the present study, we analyzed the results of the Color-Word Interference Test and Trail Making Test prior to and after the games.
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EXAMINATION OF FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT STATUS, INJURY HISTORY AND SPECIFIC MOTOR PERFORMANCE AMONG YOUNG ELITE FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Views:222Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to find any relationship between total and selected FMS scores, recent (within two years) injury status, and specific motor performance. The secondary purpose of the study was to examine, wheather is there any relationship between injuries of the hamstring muscle and injuries of the hip and knee joints of the body.
Material and methods: Youth and junior football players were volunteered to take part in our examination. A total of 45 subjects participated in our study, their age varied from 16 to 19. We implemented a five to one scoring system to identify the status of injuries. Finally, a complete FMS testing and a single leg (unilateral) standing long jump test were performed, involving all participants.Beside evaluating the total FMS scores of the participants, we chose to specifically stress on five test batteries out of seven. Out of the five tests we further focused on three FMS tests.
Results and conclusion: In this given population, we have not found significant relationship between total FMS scores and overall scores (5 to 1) of injury status. Our results also did not indicate any significant correlation between selected FMS scores and single leg standing long jump performance.
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EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND COGNITIVE SKILLS
Views:904Introduction: Examining physical activity and cognitive function has become a popular topic of research since the quality of these two components influences our quality of life and performance. It is very important for both sexes, all ages and life situations.
Objective: Determining a type of physical activity (PA) that has an effect on both cognitive functions (CF) and motor skills and performance. Clarifying or promoting measurement methods, or developing new methods that meet current standards and objectives. The results may be used to help to impove performance in all areas.
Method: Primary purpose of our study was to conduct a review, in order to summarize the relevant literature on the following topics: sex, age, fitness level, possible illness.
Conclusions: We found a significant relationship between cognitive functions and physical activity, which can be transposition in a proper way, both in terms of living standards and performance. On the other hand, there are a lack of uniform, accurate measurement methods. Thhere is a need for specific physical activity routines that specifically improve the level of cognitive function, even at an older age.
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AN ANALYSIS OF NUTRITIONAL HABITS AMONG YOUNG HUNGARIAN ADOLESCENTS
Views:384In Hungary, malnutrition within the unhealthy lifestyle is one of the main reasons for the high morbidity and mortality rate. In most cases, these attitudes develop in childhood; that is why it is important to feed children properly and educate them to lead a healthy lifestyle. The quantity and quality of meals also affect growth, development, and future health. Improper eating habits play a significant role in developing cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and many cancers. Our goal is to explore the areas where students are most accessible, and prevention programs could reduce the proportion of obese youth, and at the same time, obese adults in the future.
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COMPLEX PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN BALL SPORTS
Views:319Assessing athletes' capabilities has never been as widespread as it is nowadays. Several methods have evolved and developed in recent decades to measure physical or mental skills accurately. However, these assessment protocols became more and more specific. They focused on a certain attribute, as if we forget that athletes' game performance is not equal to the total of different skills. Since psychomotor skills interact during games, test protocols should be similar and measured comprehensively. Two groups of ball sport players, thirteen soccer players (n=13) and ten handball players (n=10), have been tested on the SpeedCourt training system to find a relationship between the results of two tests (Micromovement Test, MT) and traditional indicators, such as Heart Rate Recovery (HRR), Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat Percentage (BFP). Furthermore, the correlation in performances of the two groups has also been analyzed. We found no significant correlation between the two MT and HRR results (r=0,5132 and r=-0,5588). Similarly, there are significant correlation neither MT and BMI (r=-0.0886 and r=-0.0174) nor MT and BFP results (r=0.0872 and r=-0,2399). A significant difference cannot be found between the MT results of the two groups that indicate that MT applicable for both sports.
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EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DANCE AND COGNITIVE SKILLS DANCE AND DEMENTIA
Views:1007Introduction: The study of dance and cognitive abilities is a common research topic today, as well as many studies and articles on the aspects of physical activity and cognitive relationships. Studying the topic is essential, as the two components actively influence our performance and quality of life, regardless of gender, age, or education
Objective: To examine the effect of dancing activities has a beneficial effect on motor and cognitive abilities. Furthermore, to investigate the interaction of dance and dementia. Researching exercise programs that do not worsen or accelerate the processes associated with aging, but help to stagnate dementia at that time.
Method: For analysis, we used an overview of English and Hungarian studies focusing on dance and dementia from Google Scholar and Research Gate.
Results: According to most research articles, various dance therapies have an impact on cognitive abilities, and studies have shown that dancing exercise programs (either in pairs or solo) do not impair the health of people with dementia. Many studies do not provide accurate test data, which would be extremely important as further research is conducted.
Conclusions: First, there is a significant relationship between cognitive function and physical activity. On the other hand, there are no specific procedures, exercise programs, or measurement methods that can improve dementia.
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THE ROLE OF DANCE AND MOVEMENT THERAPIES IN STRESS MANAGEMENT
Views:500A popular research topic these days is the relationship between health and physical activity. Countless health maintenance programs help an individual to achieve the benefits provided by physical activity. Numerous articles describe the benefits the physical activity. Still, the effect of dance and movement therapies on stress management for children, young adults, middle-aged, and elderly are less likely investigated.
We used English and Hungarian studies to analyze the relationship between stress, dance, and movement therapies for the systematic review. We used PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and Research Gate databases.
One of the major problems today is the stress of everyday life. Untreated pressure may be destructive to health. Thus, it is reported that incorporating dance as physical activity may trigger positive changes in the field of regaining the state of equilibrium (homeostasis). Related studies demonstrated that dance programs (either alone, in pairs, or groups) might help manage stress and the processing of stress responses.
Conclusions: Physical activity may effectively help in the management and processing of stress. While dancing, the individual may step out of one’s comfort zone, activating many coordination abilities and cognitive functions. Taking advantage of the positive effects of movement and music. Dancing may positively affect anxiety, depression, and isolation disorders. After all, dance may bring about many positive changes in the body and the brain. The individual may feel happier and balanced. The overall quality of life significantly improves.
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THE EXAMINATION OF JOINT TEMPERATURES AND PREVENTIVE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG PARTICIPANTS IN E-SPORT- A PILOT STUDY
Views:141Our research aimed to determine what temperature changes occur along with the spinal segments during seated exercise and in which direction these temperature values change due to a preventive exercise program. This thesis aims to develop a thermographic analysis procedure to monitor the loads generated in and along the spine of mainly e-athletes and to investigate the effect of a preventive exercise program designed by the research team on the temperature values generated by the load. During our research, we conducted a study with three university students over several months. After an acclimatization period, the research subjects performed e-sport activities in a standardized temperature room while their back temperatures were monitored. The resulting thermograms were analyzed using ImageJ free-use image analysis software. The RGB-type thermograms were converted to 8-bit color depth, and the pixel intensity of the ROI (Range of interest) areas was measured. The following ROI areas were isolated during measurements: neck (C-cervical), back (T-thoracic), lumbar (L-lumbar), and muscle groups to the left (S-sinistrum) and right (D-dextrum) of these areas. Results were obtained at five-minute intervals. Our results showed that the intervention did not produce apparent changes. In two out of three subjects, the cervical section was the hottest, followed by the thoracic and lumbar areas. In general, surfaces to the left of the spinal regions were warmer than surfaces to the right.
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THE EXAMINATION OF BALL SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN YOUTH FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Views:174In modern football, in addition to advanced physical and mental abilities, players must have excellent technical skills. Coaches must emphasize the development of ball skills during youth training that will enable athletes to execute technical elements accurately and precisely, even at a fast game pace. The present research investigated the significance and effects of ball skill development among youth football players. The study focuses on the role and importance of technical elements in football, implementing the Coerver training method.
Material and methods: The U11, U13, and U14 youth teams of Loki Focisuli Debrecen KSE participated in the study. We examined the effect of a 14-week training program on ball skills. We implemented sport-specific tests to assess these technical skills. Fourteen weeks later, we conducted the second measurement under the same conditions.
Results and conclusion: The study confirmed that youth football players may improve ball skills with the help of a 14-week training program based on Coerver's training method. The most significant improvement was measured in the U11 age group.
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CHANGES IN THE REPLENISHMENT EDUCATION SYSTEM OF THE HANDBALL SPORT IN HUNGARY
Views:613Development of talents care systems plays an important role in handball today. The goal of the Hungarian Handball Association is to ensure that all children of the same age receive the same training throughout the country. The Association recently introduced a standard feed-back education system. The aim of this research was to demonstrate the evolution of the talent care system, especially the innovations introduced by the Association.
The research method was interviewing handball experts. Five experts answered our questions, former elite players, currently coaches. Based on their responses, it was possible to compare the old and the current status of the training programmes. We may conclude, that the structure of handball training has significantly developed both technically and tactically. Professionals agree, that there are a number of changes have occurred in the theory and methodology of handball. The newly introduced regional, electronic control system – described in the Age Handbook were considered to be useful by the interviewees. According to the results of our pilot study, the new unified educational training system may result in a more successful international presence in the long term.
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INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS DETERMINING PERFORMANCE AMONG COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS AND THEIR COACHES
Views:135In our country, swimming is one of the most successful sports. The question arises as to what might be the key to success. What are the factors that determine effectiveness? We sought the answer to this in our research. We examined the opinions of competitive swimmers (N=63) and swimming coaches (N=27) in the Eastern Hungary region. We used a questionnaire method during the survey. We focused separately on inherited and acquired skills and the importance of the coach-athlete relationship, relying on previous literature. Based on our results, the five most important factors for success are competition and training stress tolerance, performance motivation, the ability to learn competition technique, the coach-athlete relationship, as well as parents' moral support. Based on the athletes' opinion, the most decisive factor in their success is the coach's expertise, diligence, internal motivation, and parents' support.
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INFLUENCING FACTORS OF SPORT VOLUNTEERING AMONG EU CITIZENS
Views:154If there were a ‘country of volunteers,’ it would be one of the most populous countries in the world, with almost 1 billion people involved in some form of volunteering worldwide. Volunteers play an essential role in the smooth running and operation of sports associations and the performance of the assigned tasks. Our research examines the extent to which they contribute to volunteering along with different socio-demographic variables. For our analysis, we used data from the European Commission in December 2017 in 28 European Member States (28,031 people). We used ten independent factors that may influence participation in volunteering. We examined by chi-square test whether there was a relationship with the performance of sports volunteering for the selected variables. Subsequently, incorporating all these variables into a logistic regression model, we estimated how much it contributes to volunteering. The significance level was p <0.05. Based on the results of the bivariate correlation study, gender, age, life satisfaction, frequency of sports, education, type of residence, and social status, social status significantly influences participation in sports volunteering (p <0.001). Based on a multivariate correlation study, demographic, quality of life, sports, socio-cultural, and socioeconomic variables significantly influence volunteering (p <0.001). Our research has demonstrated that participation in sports volunteering is affected by several factors. Our research did not cover the study of motivational factors of athletes.
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INVESTIGATION OF STABILITY OF THE TRUNK AND LOWER LIMBS AMONG BALL PLAYERS
Views:640The technical background of the various ball games is determined by its lower endpoint and ultimately provides a coordinated functional assurance of its muscles. The activity of the superficial and deep abdominal muscles is a function of the moving, kicking, jumping limbs, and the supporting, limiting and stabilizing functions of the supporting limb. A basic element of injury prevention is the operation of stabilizers. During the health check, routine testing options should be checked and a targeted intervention program developed.
The aim of the research program was to measure the core and lower final stabilization functions of ballplayers - basketball players, water polo players, and soccer players - by classifying and analyzing the various technical knowledge into three groups, as well as statistical classification and analysis of the target groups.
We tested U16 water polo, basketball and soccer players. A musculoskeletal comparative study was performed specifically with an examination of the stability of the torso and the lower limb, with special tests. Internationally Used Standard Tests: Single Leg Squat test (sec.), Single Leg Squat on TOGU test (sec.), Single leg wall-sit test (sec.) Single leg wall-sit with a ball (sec.), do a standard test with different results.
The results are known because of their full scope, the development of muscle synergism needs in a given sport. Developing and launching a unified intervention program for further goals and then compiling, with the subsequent involvement, a statistical element to end the friendship.
Developing the results and considering the technical background, determine the effectiveness of the exercise program, that is, a functional approach-based exercise program that needs to be introduced into the body and the final determination of the synergistic function from a special test position bank.
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A STUDY ON WORD ASSOCIATION WHEN TEACHING THE THEORETICAL RULES OF VOLLEYBALL IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Views:524Physical Education as a subject – much like other subjects – has its own literary and educational content and the primary goal is the transference of that knowledge. In this respect, it is but one subject. At the same time it is unique, being the only subject dedicated to improving the body and the physique, yet “when we talk about the internal values of physical education, we only refer to its own literary and educational content. The meaning of this phrase includes the system of movement-based activities as well as the related intellectual knowledge” (RÉTSÁGI, 2011). During a Physical Education lesson students learn and practice movement-based activities, the importance of which is to improve their motor abilities, physical fitness (MÜLLER et al., 2013. MÜLLER et al., 2017) and mental health (BORBÉLY – MÜLLER, 2008). It may facilitate the prevention of numerous deformities or ailments, thus contributing to the preserving and of one’s health (MOSONYI et al., 2013., MÜLLER, 2015). For the past few years, multinational food companies (e.g. Danone and Nestlé) have also realized this, as they began to promote various programmes to support the regular physical activities of schoolchildren (RÁTHONYI – ODOR – RÁTHONYI, 2016). Physical Education in schools can only be considered effective if students come to appreciate and begin to feel the need for regular physical activities. For that purpose PE lessons are needed to be filled with content that is serious, requires effort (i.e. it should be a challenge that inspires improvement), but at the same time, it provides every student with feelings of success and enjoyment. This work, which at many times adapts to vastly different students (i.e. differentiates), is the duty of sports specialists and PE teachers (H. EKLER, 2013).
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AROUSAL ZONE, ANXIETY, STRESS AND SPORTS PERFORMANCE
Views:2073This study aimed to examine the relationship between optimal functioning zone, anxiety, stress, and athletic performance. We conducted a systematic review of the available scientific articles and publications. Related literature was analyzed, relevant, or helpful in understanding the psychological aspects of athletic performance. It discusses the method and validity of hypotheses and approaches that have already appeared scientifically. We examined multidimensional approaches, which discuss the suitability and implications of some recent and more complex models of stress and performance. We may conclude that the relationship between stress and athletic performance is multidimensional. We also examined several factors, such as the interaction between the nature of the stressor, the cognitive needs of the task, and the individuals' psychological characteristics. Both physical and mental preparation is critical to successful sports performance. This way, the level of physical skills, mental preparedness significantly determine overall athletic performance. The article aims to provide a historical overview of the implementation, testing, and measurement of IZOF and other applied models.