Articles

• The Digital Services Act and the European Media Freedom Act: widening scope, increasing depth - the changing European media in a changing European Union

  1-19

  Pal Belenyesi

  Views:

  89

  Digital services, the European digital single market and European media regulation are far from being conflict-free from an economic point of view, easily contested from a regulatory angle and are even considered areas that could decide national elections from a political point of view. At the same time, the media (content) market is a multi-faceted economic sector with identifiable and conventional market failures, is constantly changing and matters of fundamental rights often distort perhaps straightforward economic considerations.

  Accelerated technological developments in recent years have incentivised a regulatory framework in the EU and its Member States that is both disciplined and responsive. The EU’s Digital Services Act (DSA) and the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) represent this: together, depending on and referring to each other. Despite their obvious similarities, an analysis of these legislation from a media-centric approach has not yet been undertaken. The present study aims to fill this gap: we analyse how the regulations are interlinked.

  pdf (Hungarian)

  61

• The Significance of the Right to Repair Directive in Promoting Sustainable Consumption in the Light of Consumer Contracts

  21-45

  Dominik Boros

  Views:

  78

  The process of the green transition is increasingly influencing European Union policies, legal fields, and institutions, and consumer protection law is no exception. The promotion of sustainable consumption through consumer contract law first gained prominence in 2019 and became a more intensive focus in 2024.

  This study aims to analyze and assess the reception of sustainable consumption in EU law, with particular attention to Directives 2019/771 and 2024/1799. The analysis focuses on how these directives introduced new legal instruments into harmonized contract law and how these instruments can simultaneously serve the high-level protection of consumers and the promotion of sustainable consumption.

  The study does not seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the competition law and intellectual property law challenges surrounding the right to repair. These legal fields are mentioned only insofar as they fulfill a consumer protection function.

  pdf (Hungarian)

  60

• The Aftermath of the C-149/15 ECJ Judgment on the Liability of Online Marketplaces Misleading Consumers

  47-63

  Ágoston Győri

  Views:

  72

  The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), in its judgment in case C-149/15, Sabrina Wathelet v. Garage Bietheres & Fils SPRL, introduced a significant shift in the approach to the civil liability of intermediaries who facilitate the conclusion of contracts between consumers and businesses. The CJEU ruled that, under certain circumstances, a third party facilitating the transaction may be considered the seller in a sales contract between a consumer-seller and a consumer-buyer. Recent consumer protection legislation in the European Union suggests that the principles established in the judgment have laid the groundwork for holding online marketplaces, which have previously operated unchecked and engaged in fraudulent practices against consumers, civilly liable.

  This paper first briefly outlines the key elements of the judgment and then examines how the European Union's Digital Services Act (hereinafter: DSA) and the new Product Liability Directive regulate the liability of service providers operating online marketplaces.

  pdf (Hungarian)

  43

• Latest Regulatory Developments regarding Artificial Intelligence in Hungary and the EU: The provisions of the AI Regulation entering into force and the most recent developments regarding AI in Hungary

  65-88

  Dániel Mazsu

  Views:

  120

  Artificial intelligence (AI) has undergone rapid development over the past decades, even accelerating in the past few years. The European Union is trying to respond to the technology’s regulatory challenges with the AI Act, and Hungary is trying to respond to it through legislation, related to the act. The article reviews the interpretation of AI in the EU and Hungary, the differences in the definition accepted between the two and the circumstances of definition, especially between generative models, general-purpose and general AI. The article presents the most important provisions the gradual entry into force of the AI Regulation at the writing of the article, with special regard to prohibited AI practices and the regulations on general-purpose AI models. In addition, also due to its timeliness, it presents and analyses the EU-level institutional system of the AI Regulation, and the planned domestic organizations related to it and complementing it, building on the available forms of the new Hungarian AI Strategy (MIS 2.0). The aim of the article is to provide the reader with an insight into the regulatory efforts of the EU and Hungary AI, with a special focus on the legislator's responses to the social and economic issues of technology.

  pdf

  71

• The statics of inheritance contract

  89-113

  Tekla Dr. Papp

  Views:

  77

  The function of alimony obligations is becoming increasingly important these days, especially in light of demographic changes: Europeans are living longer and healthier lives, but their need for care services is also becoming increasingly strong, because of old age brings with it the development of diseases, disabilities, physical weakness and psychological problems, making subsistence services necessary.

  In light of this, it has become relevant and justified to examine alimony obligations that provide long-term care and support, enabling a person-centered, independent and dignified lifestyle: what are their aims and what role do private law contracts on this subject play in our current society.

  This study classifies alimony legal relations, takes into account the characteristics of the inheritance contract, and then analyzes its statics (based on the subjects, direct and indirect objects and content of the contract), also processing the relevant judicial practice.

  pdf (Hungarian)

  63

• The App is my Boss – National and EU Perspectives in Light of the New Platform Directive and Case Law

  115-148

  Áron Rimán

  Views:

  57

  This study attempts to examine the challenges generated by the so-called platform work, which has gained significant traction in the labour markets of Hungary and the European Union in recent years, primarily from a labour law perspective and, to a lesser extent, from a social law viewpoint.

  The first part of the analysis explores the background of the platform economy's expansion, followed by a discussion of the conceptual aspects and key factors of the platform economy.

  In the second part, the study addresses the labour law issues arising from this phenomenon from both national and EU perspectives. Finally, in light of the analysis of domestic and European Union case law, it offers de lege ferenda proposals to help resolve the emerging dissonances.

  pdf (Hungarian)

  46