Keresés

Keresési eredmények

• A beteg kapcsolattartási jogáról

  Petkó Mihály

  Megtekintések száma:

  153

  Man is a social animal, it is important for colleagues to meet, create a relationship with them, to communicate, ideas, exchanging information. Human relationships are determined by the identity of a specific person, place in society, so it should be a fundamental right for all people in contact with the law. However, in certain life situations exercising these rights is necessarily limited, undermined, need frameworks. One of those situations in life with participation in health care in which the patient has to adapt in health care provider operating schedule, however, the Trustee is required to ensure the exercise of the right contacts.

  The most prominent of patients' rights to human dignity, which is inferred from a mother right, from which a number of other important rights. One of these is the right to self-determination, which guarantees freedom of action of the human as an individual incapacity depending autonomous. For patient care recipients should be subject to the fundamental distinction that whether it is inpatient or outpatient care. In the latter case, it also suffers from significant limitations on the patient's right to self-determination , including personal freedom, opportunities for contact with other people. The right to self-determination in a specific part of the realization of rights is thus involved in the regulation of the contact, as during inpatient care plays an important role.

  In today's modern society, the means of communication, networks of past explosive development, get more involved in the exercise of the right to life, human relations than before, with the elimination of the technical obstacles the spatial and temporal obstacles easily can be prevented. Life situation of the theme chosen exercise of the right of communication is of particular importance, because the patient's recovery depends not only on only physical but also mental condition, recovery can define what social relations, quality, intensity. The correspondence law of the health care law more the privileges include such other persons entitled to take the patient's inpatient sanitation place either in writing or orally to maintain contact, to receive visitors, the people he set out to exclude the visit , prohibit the fact of his treatment or the other information related to medical treatment reveals other.

  The context of the law of correspondence can be said that relatively little addressed by legislators and by expanding the scope of the practice of law in the content, but would consider appropriate where more attention is added. It would be good detailed arrangements for the exercise of creating the right framework for the so - to clarify the scope of everyday objects, to establish rules for their use of health services that are appropriate for the task to allow the exercise of these rights - the first line telecommunications.

• A polgári eljárások egyszerűsítése az Európai Unióban, különös tekintettel a kis pertárgyértékű ügyek szabályozására

  Nyilas Anna

  Megtekintések száma:

  41

  Introduced to reduce obstacles to the free movement of goods and persons, judicial cooperation in civil matters has become part and parcel of the new European area of justice. Creation of this area is meant to simplify the existing legal environment and to reinforce citizens' feeling of being part of a common entity. The Conclusions of the Tampere European Council state in this respect that “in a genuine European Area of Justice individuals and businesses should not be prevented or discouraged from exercising their rights by the incompatibility or complexity of legal or administrative systems in the Member States.”

  At present, the judicial cooperation in civil procedures is based on the Hague Programme, adopted by the 2004 Europen Council in Bruxelles.The Hague Programme requires that the Commission should translate the Hague objectives into concrete measures. To this end, the Annex to the Communication from the Commission to the Council and the. European Parliament on the Hague Programme, consists of an Action Plan listing the main actions and measures to be taken over the next five years, including a specific set of deadlines for their presentation to the Council and the European Parliament.

  The chapter dealing with this area is named „Strengthening justice”, and it includes amongst others the following tasks:

  • Specific Programme on Judicial Cooperation in Civil and Commercial Matters (2007)
  • Support by the Union to networks of judicial organisations and institutions (continuous)
  • Creating a „European Judicial culture”
  • Evaluation of quality of justice (Communication - 2006)
  • Creation, from the existing structures, of an effective European training network for judicial authorities for both civil and criminal matters (2007)

  The European Union has set itself the objective of maintaining and developing the European Union as an area of freedom, security and justice in which the free movement of persons is ensured. For the gradual establishment of such an area, the Community is to adopt, among others, the measures relating to judicial cooperation in civil matters needed for the proper functioning of the internal market.

  The Community has among other measures already adopted Council Regulation (EC) No 1348/2000 of 29 May 2000, on the service in the Member States of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial matters; Council Decision 2001/470/EC of 28 May 2001, establishing a European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters; Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters; Regulation (EC) No 805/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004, creating a European Enforcement Order for uncontested claims; Council Directive 2002/8/EC, of 27 January 2003, to improve access to justice in cross-border disputes by establishing minimum common rules relating to legal aid for such disputes; Council Regulation (EC) 2201/2003, of 27 November 2003, concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, repealing Regulation (EC) 1347/2000; Regulation (EC) No 805/2004, of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004, creating a European Enforcement Order for uncontested claims; Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council creating a European order for payment procedure; Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a European Small Claims Procedure.

  The disproportionate cost of litigation for small claims has led many Member States to provide simplified procedures for claims of small value which are intended to provide access to justice at a lower cost, thus influencing one of the three factors that determine the rationales in dispute resolution. The details of these procedures have been investigated and documented in detail in studies prepared for the Commission. The evidence from these reports suggests that the costs and timescale associated with the domestic simplified measures, and thus their use and utility to claimants, varies widely. A 1995 study for the Commission found evidence of how costs of cross-border claims were significant compared to the size of most potential claims, and that these costs varied substantially between Member States. The total costs of pursuing a cross-border claim with a value of € 2.000 was found to vary, depending on the combination of Member States, from € 980 to € 6.600, with an average quoted figure of € 2.489 for a proceeding at the plaintiff’s residence. The study also showed that due to different and conflicting costing rules part of the costs have to be paid even by successful plaintiffs.

  On 20 December 2002, the Commission adopted a Green Paper on a European order for payment procedure and on measures to simplify and speed up small claims litigation. The Green Paper launched a consultation on measures concerning the simplification and the speeding up of small claims litigation.

  The European Small Claims Procedure is meant to simplify and speed up litigation concerning small claims, whilst reducing costs, by offering an optional tool in addition to the possibilities existing under the laws of the Member States. This Regulation should also make it simpler to obtain the recognition and enforcement of a judgment given in a European Small Claims Procedure in another Member State, including judgements which were initially of a purely domestic nature. In order to facilitate the introduction of the procedure, the claimant should commence the European Small Claims Procedure by completing a claim form and lodging it at the competent court or tribunal. In order to reduce costs and delays, documents should be served on the parties by registered letter with acknowledgment of receipt, or by any simpler means such as simple letter, fax or email. The procedure should be a written procedure, unless an oral hearing is considered necessary by the court. The parties should not be obliged to be represented by a lawyer. The court should be given the possibility to hold a hearing through an audio, video or email conference. It should also be given the possibility to determine the means of proof and the extent of the taking of evidence according to its discretion and admit the taking of evidence through telephone, written statements of witnesses, and audio, video or email conferences. The court should respect the principle of an adversarial process. In order to speed up the resolution of disputes, the judgment should be rendered within six months following the registration of the claim. In order to speed up the recovery of small claims, the judgment should be immediately enforceable notwithstanding any possible appeal and without the condition of the provision of a security. In order to reduce costs, when the unsuccessful party is a natural person and is not represented by a lawyer or another legal professional, he should not be obliged to reimburse the fees of a lawyer or another legal professional of the other party. In order to facilitate recognition and enforcement, a judgment given in a Member State in a European Small Claims Procedure should be recognised and enforceable in another Member State without the need for a declaration of enforceability and without any possibility of opposing its recognition. Since the objectives of the action to be taken namely the establishment of a procedure to simplify and speed up litigation concerning small claims, and reduce costs, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States and can therefore be better achieved at Community level, the Community may adopt measures in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty. In accordance with the principle of proportionality as set out in that Article this Regulation does not go beyond what is necessary to achieve those objectives.

  The European Council underlines the need further to enhance work on the creation of a Europe for citizens and the essential role that the setting up of a European Area for Justice will play in thisrespect. A number of measures have already been carried out. Further efforts should be made to facilitate access to justice and judicial cooperation as well as the full employment of mutual recognition. It is of particular importance that borders between countries in Europe no longer constitute an obstacle to the settlement of civil law matters or to the bringing of court proceedings and the enforcement of decisions in civil matters.

• Az egyéni szabadságot sértő bűncselekmények versus az oktatáshoz való hozzáférés garantálásával kapcsolatos, pandémiával összefüggő korlátozások

  12-22.

  IANCU Elena-Ana

  TUȘA Enache

  Megtekintések száma:

  144

  A tanulmányban megvizsgáljuk a világjárvánnyal sújtott országok kormányai által a világjárvány kezelése során érvényesített, pandémiával összefüggő korlátozások és a társadalom azon felfogása közötti különbségeket, amelyek szerint a kormányok – mobilitásuk korlátozásával – megfosztották az egyéneket szabadságuktól, beleértve a utazással kapcsolatban – az oktatásban való részvétel lehetőségére is kihatóan – bevezetett korlátozásokat is. Egyes esetekben a korlátozó intézkedések által érintett közösségek tovább mentek, és a kormányokat „személyi szabadság megsértése” bűncselekményével vádolják, amely az egyes országok büntető törvénykönyveiben is megtalálható deliktum. A hatóságokkal szemben felhozott vádakat megalapozatlannak, eltúlzottnak és teljesen hibásnak tartjuk. Úgy gondoljuk, hogy ezek a társadalmi kommunikáció hiányosságaiból, a közösség tagjainak – változó paradigmákból eredő – felfogásbeli különbségeiből és az elégtelen jogi képzettségből adódnak; ezek alapján egyesek összetévesztik a személyi szabadság megsértésének bűncselekményét a korlátozások érvényesítésével. Habár a jogrendszerben a kérdéssel kapcsolatos bűncselekményekről rendelkező szabályok a büntető törvénykönyvekben szerepelnek – ilyen például a román jogban a Btk. 205. cikkelye az „Egyéni szabadság elleni bűncselekmények” név alatt, amely a „Személy elleni bűncselekmények” nevet viselő I. Címben található, s a jogtudományok érdeklődési körébe tartozik –, elemezzük a hatóságok által a járvány kezelése során érvényesített korlátozások hatásait is. Ennek érdekében egyrészt kiemeljük azokat az anyagi büntetőjogi szempontokat, amelyek szükségesek egy cselekmény személyi szabadság megsértése bűncselekményének minősítéséhez a román, a magyar, az olasz és a görög büntető törvénykönyv rendelkezései szerint, másrészt bemutatunk néhány, a koronavírus-válság – oktatást érintő – kezelésével kapcsolatos szempontot.

• A kommentekért való felelősség bírói gyakorlatának evolúciója

  39-49

  Pádár Henrietta

  Megtekintések száma:

  74

  The article focuses on the examination of the judicial practice related to the liability for reader’s comments. Comments have become an important instrument for internet communication and expression, however they also cause specific legal problems.

  Internet Content Providers (ICP) have offered such content so far, disclosure of which was the result of editorial’s decision, but now they play a role in the disclosure of such contents, that they do not have direct contact with.

  The examination of liability for comments is further complicated by the features of the online environment, because the courts shall have to overcome the problems of the scheme of special definitions.

  Courts have failed as yet to provide a satisfactory solution for the problem: who shall remain liable for the infringements appearing in anonymous reader’s contents? Therefore the article is an attempt to present the development of the judicial practice from the beginning to the current opinion appearing these days.

• Horpadások a karosszérián – felelős társaságirányítási kérdések az elmúlt időszak autóipari botrányainak tükrében

  3-14

  Ferencz Barnabás

  Megtekintések száma:

  88

  The aim of the article is to examine the key corporate governance issues in light of the recent scandals in the automotive industry. The article explores the underlying reasons which culminated in the events of the General Motors ignition switch scandal, and Volkswagen's "Dieselgate". While these two events may seem unrelated at the first glance, however, the facts show that similar problems led to these scandals, most of which were deeply rooted in the corporate culture. Factors, such as the lack of clear and honest communication and the willingness to bend the rules show that the principles of corporate governance were not put in practice within these corporations. The author believes that by taking corporate governance seriously the scandals could have been entirely preventable.

• Új tendenciák a légi utasok jogainak uniós szabályaiban

  1-9

  Angyal Zoltán

  Megtekintések száma:

  127

  Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 depending on the circumstances of the travel disruption, requires air carriers to: provide passengers with assistance, such as meals, refreshments, telephone calls and hotel accommodation; offer re-routing and refunds; pay a flat-rate compensation of up to €600 per passenger, depending on the flight distance; and proactively inform passengers about their rights.
  Under the Montreal Convention (as translated by Regulation (EC) No 2027/97 into EU law), a passenger may be entitled to compensation in case of mishandled baggage (but with a limit of about €1200), except if the airline can demonstrate it has taken all reasonable measures to avoid the damages or it was impossible to take such measures. Airlines often fail to offer passengers the rights to which they are entitled in instances of denied boarding, long delays, cancellations or mishandled baggage, in particular under Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 ("the Regulation") and Regulation (EC) No 2027/97. Case law has had a decisive impact on the interpretation of the Regulation. The Commission Communication of 11 April 2011 reported on the varying interpretation being taken on the provisions of Regulation (EC) No 261/2004, due to grey zones and gaps in the current text, and the non-uniform enforcement across Member States. Furthermore, it is difficult for passengers to enforce their individual rights. With regard to Regulation (EC) No 261/2004, the European Parliament asks the Commission to propose a clarification of the passengers' rights, in particular the notion of ‘extraordinary circumstances’. On 13 March 2013, the European Commission made a proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 establishing
  8
  common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights and Regulation (EC) No 2027/97 on air carrier liability in respect of the carriage of passengers and their baggage by air. This paper takes a closer look at this proposal. The proposal aims to improve enforcement by clarifying key principles and implicit passenger rights that have given rise to many disputes between airlines and passengers in the past; and by enhancing and better coordinating the enforcement policies carried out on a national level. Issues covered by the proposal are the following.

  Definition of "extraordinary circumstances"

  Right to compensation in case of long delays

  Right to rerouting

  Right to care

  Missed connecting flight

  Rescheduling Tarmac delays

  Partial ban of the "no show" policy

  Right to information

  Handling of individual claims and complaints

  Better take into account the financial capacities of the air carriers

  Ensure better enforcement of passenger rights with regard to mishandled baggage

  Adapt liability limits in accordance to general price inflation

• A COVID-19 betegség tényleg az ügyvéd „adminisztratív problémája“?

  5-19

  Balogh Judit

  Megtekintések száma:

  141

  Absztrakt: A COVID-19 világjárvány felforgatta mindennapi életünket 2020 tavaszán. A járvánnyal együtttjáró lezárásoknak, az otthoni munkavégzés gyakorlatának számos hatása máig érvényesül a peres gyakorlatban, akár pozitív, akár negatív értelemben. Pozitív, hogy a bíróságok, hatóságok felismerték az online kommunikáció lehetőségét, így a tárgyalások egy része a járványmentes időszakokban is áttehető az online térbe, időt és energiaráfordítást kímélve. Vegyes a megítélése annak a hozadékának, hogy a polgári peres tárgyalások perfelvétele körében a bíróságok az eddigieknél gyakrabban rendelnek el írásbeli előkészítést. Végül negatív, hogy a hirtelen megbetegedések miatti mulasztások kezelésében szinte mind a mai napig nem sikerült megnyugtató megoldást találni. A tanulmány a betegség miatti mulasztásokkal kapcsolatos gyakorlatot vizsgálja: a Kúria egy 2021. februári, a veszélyhelyzet sajátos körülményei közötti tényállás alapján meghozott végzésénének apropóján igyekszik megvilágítani, mi is a képviselethez való jog (valamint az ügyvéd helyettesítésének) valós tartalma, szerepe a polgári perben.