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• The Role of the New Territorial Waste Management Authorities in the Eradication of Abandoned Waste

  Brigitta B. Gyurkó

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  11

  In March 2021, the Government further transformed the organizational side of environmental protection and created new waste management authorities. The national and regional waste management authorities are embedded in the county government office system.  The responsibilities of the waste management authorities are multifaceted, however, implementing regulations are not available in all cases. Regional waste management authorities play a significant role in the elimination of abandoned waste. In recent years, in compliance with European Union regulations, landfills operating without a permit have been abolished. Sanctions imposed by the authorities in the case of illegally abandoned waste contribute to reducing the amount of illegally disposed waste. The new waste management authorities can promote the creation of a circular economy, but only if the legislator creates the missing legal and technical conditions.

• Collective Redress in Certain States of Europe

  84-106

  Tamás Jagusztin

  Views:

  182

  Collective redress mechanisms can be seen in almost all of European countries (except Switzerland and Czech Republic for example). The established regulatory solutions are diverse, basically two lines are typical, and mixed systems based on these are created. One is a representative collective claim enforceable to protect the collective interests of the community (public interest). In general, such claims can only be enforced by government bodies designated by a legislator or by associations whose purpose is the protection of those interests. Another type of collective demand assists the homogeneous demands of a group of individuals by taking advantage of the merged action. In these cases, a person is usually validated by the requirements of the group members, who is himself interested in the proceedings because of his own material right.