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• A közösségi részvétel komplexitása: szakmai szempontok a közösség meghatározására és bevonására

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  174

  This paper compares the perspectives of six professions -social workers, lawyers, nurses, physicians, psychologists, and public health professionals- on ways to improve the health and social conditions of a prototypical low-income urban community. It examines how the cohort defined and deliberated on the process of involving “the community” in addressing issues facing a hypothetical neighborhood, even when the question was not part of the research guidelines. A framework for constituency participation emerged from the data and was further developed to include 5 components: “who, why, when, ways and what level.” The type, level, and meaning of community was complex and multi-faceted, raising critical questions about professional-community relationships and the role of community development practitioners. Ultimately, community participation was identified as both difficult and transformative at the same time. Attention by community practitioners to the “five Ws framework for constituency participation” may maximize positive outcomes for collaboration between professionals and community.

• Zsidó közösségek túlélési stratégiái: Középkori gettók és közösségek

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  331

  Judaism lived in a traditional society, which we call the Kehila, from the time of the Talmud (2nd to 6th centuries) until the European Enlightenment. Even after this time, some Jewish communities continued to live in this traditional community of values and rules, essentially defined by the Hebrew Bible (Tanach) and the Talmud. I would like to briefly describe this traditional Jewish society, the Kehila, highlighting only a few segments of it, which was a typical form of Jewish life between the 16th and 18th centuries. I will then turn to the social role of the family in the context of the Kehila, the traditional Jewish societas. My focus is on the so-called Ashkenazi, European Jewry. My approach is social-historical, and I use the methods of Jewish studies.
  Jewish communities that have existed for thousands of years have survived to the present day despite often brutally hostile environments. In this paper, I want to examine some of the sociological characteristics of medieval Jewish communities. Are there any particular principles or patterns that we can observe and draw general conclusions from? How did Jewish communities survive for thousands of years?
  In addition to presenting the medieval Kehila, the Jewish community, I would like to draw some conclusions. Jewish communities, as I will try to present descriptively, subordinated the individual and even the family to the interests of the community. The survival of the community was more important than the will, happiness, and interests of the individual and/or the family. Everything was subordinated to the interests of the majority. The operating mechanisms of the community implemented the total supremacy of the collective over the institution of the individual and even the family. This may have been one of the secrets of its success.
  The Jews could adapt, their traditional-spiritual way of life predestined them to do so, and their survival was successful.

• Az LMBTQ közösség nemzetközi és hazai elfogadottságának vizsgálata

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  10

  In our study, we examined the acceptance of the LGBTQ community in Hungary and internationally along different dimensions using a hybrid approach. Using the quantitative data analysis method, we investigated Hungarian LGBTQ acceptance in an international context using longitudinal data from the European Social Survey. In the focus group qualitative study, we investigated the attitudes, acceptance and opinions of university students in Debrecen. The results of the 2020 Hungarian survey show that the acceptance of LGBTQ people is lower among older, primary-educated, right-wing, religious people. Compared to 2016 and 2018, Hungarian society has become more tolerant despite the anti-LGBTQ public mood, which is in line with international trends. The results of the 2022 focus group survey also confirmed the trends identified by the ESS. Acceptance is influenced by the political and legal environment in Hungary and the media representation created by these influences. In addition to these macro- factors, family, educational institution, and religion play an important role as micro- factors. All of these have an impact on acceptance and can perpetuate prejudices and stereotypes towards the LGBTQ community.

• Az Országos Rabbiképző – Zsidó Egyetem: Az 1877-ben alapított Rabbiképző Intézettől a Zsidó Egyetem Szociális Munkás képzéséig

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  156

  The Jewish Theological Seminary, founded in 1877, aimed to combine modern scholarship with Jewish religious traditions. However, the golden age of the Institution and its world fame followed the cruel destruction of the Holocaust. Then, for forty years, the communist dictatorship made life difficult in the Jewish community. Despite the persecutions, the Jewish Holocaust survivors, along with the second and third generations, quickly revived the traditions from the 1990s and the Jewish community became an active, organized community again. One sign of this is that the Rabbinical Seminary has become a university, the Jewish Theological Seminary – University of Jewish Studies. Part of this process is that training for social workers began in 1995. The study is a historical outline of the institution that has been operating continuously in Budapest for 150 years. How and why was it created? How do they find their place and what answers do they give to social problems today? It reviews the professional values ​​and principles of social worker training and tries to reflect the special Jewish features of the University.

• Kutassunk együtt – A kutatási gyakorlat és a kutatótáborok szerepe a szociális munka oktatásában

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  125

  Rethinking the relation of theory and practice is in the focus nowadays regarding social studies. Define the ideal rate of practice in study programs is not easy, just as to determine those competencies and knowledge that able to reply to the differing needs of the labor market. The need-to-know basis which defines directly the tools of a practicing social worker is changing steadily by the societal- and economic transformation. Accordingly to this phenomenon, raise awareness relating to the learning process, innovative tools for both informal and formal (extra-)curricular trainings have become important features of education. In this learning environment, students are able to focus on better knowledge, understanding, and traceability of their individual growth.  Moreover, innovative methods create an opportunity to develop values, attitudes, and professionalism. Organizing and implementing research-camps, where students can deepen their knowledge of social research methods, is perfectly fits this approach. We have to see that learning is not an activity we can define precisely, rather something complex, strongly determined by the situation, as different people learn differently, indeed, the same person has different ways to get the knowledge in different situations. This is particularly true for research-camps where the specific learning environment has catalyzing role in transforming procedural knowledge. One advantage of procedural knowledge is that it can involve more senses, such as hands-on experience, practice at solving problems, understanding of the limitations of a specific solution, etc. Camping is an outstanding and effective stage in social learning as well. Experience as usable knowledge in subsequent situations may remain by reflecting on solving problems and experiences. (Gruber & Garabás, 2018) In the practice of the Department of Community and Social Studies (University of Pécs) students participate in research planning and implementing from the setting of targets through data collection and processing till publishing results. Studied phenomenons, processes, and correlations are often the proofs of the complexity of society for those with significantly different socio-economic backgrounds. The community-shaping effect is another crucial aspect in the integration of research-camps into our curriculum. The decreasing number of full-time students and the fact that most of them are employees (self-supporters) affect the quantity and the quality of community activities. Research-camps, besides deepening and exploiting knowledge, create opportunities for collaboration and savoring mutual experiences.

• Elöljáróban

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  82

  A Párbeszéd szociális munka folyóirat a szakmát gyakorlók, kutatók és oktatók munkáinak megjelenési felülete. A publikálás a szakmai munka önkifejezése, a szakmai közösség érdeklődésére számot tartó szerzői gondolatok megírása és a szerkesztőség általi elfogadása.

• Az interprofesszionális együttműködés gyakorlati lehetőségei cukorbetegséggel élő gyermekek családjainak komplex támogatásában

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  106

  A munkát a győri Széchenyi István Egyetem közösségi és civil tanulmányok mesterképzés hallgatójaként kezdtem el, és diplomadolgozatban összegeztem. Egy hosszú évekre tervezett tevékenység kezdeti szakaszában járok, de a folyamat első eredményei biztatóak. Személyes érintettségem okán, korábbi, más tartós betegséggel összefüggő gyakorlati tapasztalataimat felhasználva szerettem volna létrehozni egy elsősorban pszichés támogatást nyújtó programot olyan családok számára, akiknek gyermeke cukorbetegséggel él. Mivel támogatáson alapuló programszerű működésben gondolkodtam, a mentorprogram kifejezést kezdtem használni – így jelen tanulmányban is így hivatkozom rá. Munkámat azzal a céllal kezdtem el, hogy létrejöjjön egy komplex módszer, valamint alakuljon a program köré szerveződő segítő közösség, amely (jelenleg alapítás alatt álló) szervezeti keretek között, folyamatosan működik, fejlődik, és reményeim szerint országos hálózattá válik. A mentorprogram megvalósítása során jellemzően az 1-es típusú cukorbetegséggel élő gyermekek családjaira koncentrálok.

• The usefulness of the sources of formal and informal support in the context of the needs of families with children with disabilities

  Ondrej Botek

  Nadezda Kovalcikova

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  190

  Background: A child’s disability changes the family and has an impact on the quality of life of all its members. Consequently, the family’s needs change as well, especially when it comes to their need for support.

  Goal: The goal of this study was to map how families with children with disabilities perceive the usefulness of the sources of formal and informal support in the context of family needs, as very important feedback for social work and social policy as major actors in formal support.

  Methods: The study was conducted using a quantitative research strategy. The relevant data was acquired using two standardized questionnaires – The Family Support Scale (FSS) by authors Dunst, Jenkins and Trivette (1984) and The Family Needs Survey by authors Bailey and Simeonsson (1988). The sample of respondents was comprised of 493 parents of children with disabilities, out of which there was a much larger number of women – mothers (N= 427) than men – fathers (N= 66).

  Results: The results of the study suggest that for families with children with disabilities, the most dominant need is the support from their relatives, while they also feel an increased need for finances. In terms of the perception of the usefulness of sources, informal support was more dominant, and the support of a husband / wife / partner and close relatives was determined the most useful. The study proved the existence of various statistically significant links, such as the link between informal support in the form of parent groups, financial needs, and the need for support from the community.

  Conclusion: The study proved an important fact – that whichever kind of formal, but mainly informal support has a direct influence on the extent of the satisfaction of needs. The presence and usefulness of sources of support positively impacts the satisfaction of family needs.

• Egy jobb élet reményében : Magyar hajléktalanok Bázelben

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  135

  This paper aims to introduce the living conditions, the migration-related motivations and the fulfilment of previous expectations of Hungarian homeless people living in Basel. The research was based on participatory observations conducted in social institutions as well as on semi-structured qualitative interviews carried out with both homeless people and social workers. The main findings of the study reveal that the Hungarian homeless community is rather heterogeneous considering the member’s age, background and the general circumstances of living. Despite of this heterogeneity, the common language and cultural background create a relatively strong bond among the affected people. Although Basel is not a primary target of economic migration, the tolerance of the authorities and the people, and the favourable living conditions  affect a lot of Hungarian and other Eastern-European destitute people to the city. The previous expectations for living a better life and finding a job are regularly not fulfilled and people are often trapped in homelessness and poverty for a long-run.

• Szakmai életutak az ifjúsági munkában – Varga János

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  160

  Sorozatunk jelen darabja valójában három életútról szól. Varga János élete 10 éves kora óta kapcsolódik a kevéssel korábban alakult újpesti víziúttörő-közösséghez, melynek vezetését a 70-es évek közepétől kezdődő évtizedben – hangsúlyozott lépések nélkül – adta át neki az alapító, Szabó József. Tehát egy 1957 óta élő közösség és annak két vezetője életútját mutatja be Varga János. Szabó József megőrizte a csapat dokumentumait, Varga János ebben is követi elődjét, így a csapat teljes történetére vonatkozó hivatalos iratok, jegyzetek és gazdag fotóanyag is rendelkezésre áll, amihez kapcsolódnak az úttörő technikai állomáson 56 előtt készített MTI-fotók. A gyűjteménynek része az a levél is, amiben Szabó József pedagógiai munkássága legfontosabb eredményének nevezte a vízicsapatot, és azt, hogy az méltó vezető kezében fennmarad.

• A közösségi tér, mint a bizalmi háló központja. Közösségi kötelékek a Labor Café körül az orosz-ukrán háború első napjaiban.

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  10

  The case study describes the organisation of a community space support network in a county seat in Eastern Hungary. The study of the Labor Café's facilitative collaborations presented in this article was conducted using participant observation, fieldwork and interview methods between 25 February and 7 March 2022, during the first ten days of the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The study aims to show the functioning of a grassroots solidarity and trust network organised around the Labor Café in a crisis. As the author herself was a volunteer member of this network during the fieldwork, this paper is both a synthesis of her experiences and a theoretical framework for understanding them. The paper will provide a detailed description of the solidarity networks in Hungary and support attitudes by describing the events presented in the case study.