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• The system and methodology of variety breeding

  113-126

  Attila Kristó

  János Nagy

  Views:

  44

  In Hungary, seed production operates within a strictly regulated certification system defined by legal provisions. The purpose of this system is to preserve and monitor the quality and genetic value of seeds, which form the foundation of crop production. One of the main elements of the certification process is the small-plot post-control testing conducted at the Monorierdő Variety Post Control Station of the National Food Chain Safety Office (NÉBIH), commonly referred to as variety post-control. This procedure represents the final, so-called progeny control phase of seed certification and includes two main types of testing: varietal identity and varietal purity verification. Both are based on the principles of distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS), which ensure that the seeds of each variety remain clearly identifiable, homogeneous, and genetically stable across generations. The implementation and evaluation of these tests are defined in detail by national standard and internal regulation. These documents specify the methodology of variety post-control, the criteria for assessment, and the official procedures of certification. This process allows for the continuous monitoring of variety preservation and multiplication, contributing to the reliability of seed production, the protection of seed quality, and ultimately ensuring the genetic stability of crop production.

• Examination of the genetic homogeneity of sunflower hybrids in a grow-out test

  33-55

  Attila Kristó

  László Lajkó

  László Gergely

  János Nagy

  Views:

  37

  In Hungary, seeds can only be placed on the market after obtaining official certification. This ensures the availability of high-quality seeds, which are considered a fundamental prerequisite for successful crop production. High-quality seeds also form the basis of food production, as only seeds of superior quality can achieve the maximum yield potential of a given variety. As part of the official seed certification process, the National Food Chain Safety Office (NÉBIH) conducts small-plot post-control tests at the Monorierdő Variety Post Control Station. The purpose of these tests is to verify the varietal identity and purity of the seeds.
  This study examines the 2024 variety post control results for five sunflower hybrids. Seed samples obtained from certified seed lots underwent an official progeny testing procedure after sowing. Where their morphological and phenological traits were compared to the official variety descriptions. Throughout the growing season, multiple field inspections were performed, and the resulting homogeneity data were analyzed using statistical methods. The five tested hybrids exhibited varying degrees of homogeneity, but all remained within the error limit accepted by the authorities. Among them, the N3 hybrid proved to be the most homogeneous, as a significant portion of the samples achieved 100% genetic purity. In contrast, the N5 hybrid showed the greatest variability. Variance analysis revealed a significant difference in homogeneity values among the hybrids. These differences may be attributed to genetic and cultivation technology factors, such as genetic instability and/or mechanical mixing. A more precise identification of these factors (refining the system) could help seed growers to producers higher-quality products, increasing the genetic value of their varieties on the seed market.