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• Effect of different fungicides on yield and seed infestation of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

  41-58

  Csaba Juhász

  László Zsombik

  Views:

  60

  A fungicide study was carried out in lupin (Lupnis albus L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) plants on the sandy soil of the AKIT Nyíregyháza Research Institute of the University of Debrecen, Hungary, the number of literature sources on plant protection in these small crops is limited. Various fungal diseases can set back plant development and negatively affect yields, and the vitality of harvested seeds is also important. In both crops, three treatments were applied in mid-June: tebuconazole + prochloraz, mefenoxam + mankoceb and azoxistrobin + cyproconazole. NDVI data were collected using the Trimble GreenSeeker HCS-100 device to monitor vegetation changes. After harvest, the harvested crop was cleaned in the Westrup Kamas laboratory seed cleaner and the amount of crop residue was documented. In addition, we documented the different seed yields and then placed the seeds on Papavizas substrate for seed infection testing. According to the NDVI values recorded in the lupin plots, the highest average NDVI value was recorded in the tebuconazole + prochloraz treated plots after fungicide treatment. The least infested seed according to both dates of recording also came from plots treated with tebuconazole + prochloraz, but these plots did not perform particularly well in terms of seed yield. Based on NDVI values following common vetch fungicide treatment, the highest average NDVI values were found in plots treated with tebuconazole + prochloraz. In the seed infestation test, the control plots had the lowest number of infected seeds at the first evaluation, and at the second evaluation, seeds from plots treated with azoxistrobin + cyproconazole had the lowest number of fungal infected seeds. Based on harvested seed yield values, none of the fungicide treatments caused yield increases in any of the examined plants. No significant difference was found, but the average seed yield of the control plots was the highest for both crops. Some of the active substances used have been or will be removed soon, therefore, new active substances should be included in the research.

• Impact of different production techniques with different intensities on the on the quality of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

  93-108

  Péter Pepó

  Views:

  71

  Interactive effects of crop models, crop rotation and fertiliser application on the quality parameters of winter wheat grain yield in a long-term experiment on calcareous chernozem soil in the growing season of 2023. The results of our research showed that different intensity of technological models (different fungicide use, foliar fertilisers and growth regulators) had no or only partial (tri-culture) significant effects on the quality parameters (protein, starch, dry and wet gluten content, Zeleny index, grain hardness) of wheat. Protein and starch content showed a negative correlation. Higher values of protein, dry and wet gluten, Zeleny index and grain hardness were measured in the tri-culture rotation than in the biculture rotation. Of the quality indicators, only starch content was higher in biculture. The highest significant effect of fertilisation on the quality parameters was observed. The protein, dry and wet gluten contents increased with increasing fertiliser rates in the intervals 7.58–13.42%, 4.48–11.32%, 12.06–31.10% in biculture and 7.93–14.41%, 5.45–12.85% and 13.86–34.79% in triculture, respectively. In biculture, in the N200+PK (highest) fertiliser treatment, the wet gluten content reached the milling category I (31.13–32.10%), which is of good quality, while in triculture, the milling category I (31.22–32.62%) was already reached in the N100+PK fertiliser treatment, and in the N200+PK treatment, these values (34.55–34.79%) were in the premium quality category. In triculture crop rotation, protein, dry and wet gluten contents were significantly increased in the control (without fertiliser and foliar fertiliser) treatment due to the physiological activating effects of foliar fertilisers when super intensive technology was applied. Zeleny index and grain hardness values were lower in biculture (4.66–34.51 ml and 10.9–86.1, respectively) than in triculture (12.86–39.61 ml and 29.0–93.1, respectively), and significantly increased with fertiliser application in both rotations.