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The Study of Arabic language at European Universities
Views:160The Study of the Arabic language on the European Universities. The study of oriental languages, among them that of the Arabic is among the oldest branches of the humanistic scholarship. In the beginning, one can see sporadic individual works, later well-organised activities that take us to the Iberian Peninsula, to Salerno and Paris. In addition to the Koran, philosophical, mathematical and astronomical works were translated from Arabic into Latin in the first half of the second millennium. Later, in the Renaissance, Italia and the Papal State became the centre of the Arabic scholarship. The main ambition of the age was to prepare the texts of the polyglot Bibles, and to investigate the Greek and Arabic medical works. In the following epoch, Leyden and Netherlands emerged from the range of the European universities. Here the aim of the Arabic scholarship was to support the international trade. The Arabic philology on modern sense have been created in Paris by S. de Sacy, who is the common ancestor of all European Arabists. In Hungary, we are attached to him by K. Czeglédy, de Goeje and his Dutch masters.
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Mikonya György: Az európai egyetemek története (1230–1700) – recenzió
143-148Views:133Mikonya György: Az európai egyetemek története (1230–1700)
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FENCING AT EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES AND ACADEMIES IN THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD. THE IMPORTANCE OF LEARNED FENCING: In honor of Várnay Ernő
74-132Views:151Combining the history of universities, history of mentalities and history of sport, this study seeks to answer the question of the role of fencing in the lives of students at European universities in the early modern period, and how universities dealt with the issue of students' weapons and armed disorder. After the initial prohibitions, fencing instruction was gradually introduced into the curricula of universities and academies, and the 'regulated' fencing thus acquired contributed significantly to the consolidation of a culture of behaviour among university students who considered themselves a privileged social class.
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RESEARCH ON UNIVERSITY TRAVEL IN EUROPE
60-81Views:122Research into the history of university travel abroad, or peregrination, is an important topic for all European nations. The European centre, the countries to which university mobility from the periphery was directed, had primarily host universities, and it is important for them to study their own links and their own sphere of attraction. This is particularly the case for universities in Italy, France and Germany. However, they are also examining their own university visits in relation to other regions of the centre. Some of the countries at the northern, eastern and southern ends of Europe were relatively early in the development of their own universities, but still sent large numbers of students to universities in the centre countries, so researching this is also important for them. For example, for Spanish and Portuguese historiography, the study of the French and Italian university itineraries is an important issue. In the older states of Scandinavia and Central Europe, although universities were established relatively early, they were not permanent and the vast majority of intellectuals from these nations were educated in foreign universities. This is particularly true of the smaller European states that became independent in the 19th and 20th centuries, and it is even more important to examine the development of their national intellectuals. This paper addresses these issues by presenting research on the subject.
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AN OVERVIEW OF THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TURKISH STUDIES FROM THE BEGINNING TO THE FOUNDATION OF THE ORIENTAL ACADEMY IN VIENNA IN 1754
61-77Views:128Turkish studies started in Europe later than Arabic and Persian studies. While research into Arabic was mainly justified by the underlying theological context, and Persian was attractive for its rich literary heritage, studying Turks and the Turkish language was motivated by two factors. One was the ever- growing political and commercial significance of the Ottoman Empire in Europe, the other being the Christian mission. This article gives a short survey of the theme and treats only the major Turkish grammars and dictionaries that appeared in print. Having reviewed the first rudimentary attempts at describing Turkish in the 16th century, the first European Turkish grammar written by Megiser (1612) is treated, then Jakab Harsányi Nagy’s conversation book (1642) is the subject of the next analysis. Afterwards, a scrutiny of 17th-century French, Italian, and English dictionaries and grammars are analysed (du Ryer, Molino, Maggio, Bernardo de Parigi, Pietro d’Albavilla, Mascisci, Seaman, Vaughan). In the following, Turkish studies in Vienna in the 17th century are dwelt on, with a special emphasis on the works of Meninski and Podestà, two major figures of Turkish research at that time. After a short listing of a few dictionaries and grammars published in Leipzig, the foundation of the Oriental Academy in Vienna is the next topic of the paper. Finally, Turkish Bible translations are listed and a few conclusions close the article.
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UNGARLANDISCHE GELERTHE IM REPERTORIUM ACADEMICUM GERMANICUM (RAG) 1372-1526. PROJEKT, DATENBESTAND UND AUSWERTUNGSPERSPEKTIVEN
Views:15The Repertorium Academicum Germanicum (RAG) is a long-term digital project that has been researching the students and scholars of the Holy Roman Empire (HRE) between 1250 and 1550. In 2020, the RAG was integrated into the larger project Repertorium Academicum (REPAC), which now also includes the Repertorium Academicum Helveticum (RAH) and the Repertorium Bernense (RB). The three sub-projects analyse different European regions: the HRE in the RAG, the Swiss Confederation in the RAH and the territory of the city of Bern in the RB. REPAC is based at the Historical Institute of the University of Bern. The common goal of the projects is to create prosopographical foundations for the history of the impact of scholars and their knowledge in order to clarify the origins and developments of the modern knowledge society.
Methodologically, the projects combine approaches from social, university and knowledge history with digital prosopography. At the centre is a research database in which the biographical events of students and scholars are recorded. This data is localised geographically and temporally to enable dynamic visualisations on maps, in networks and time series. The analyses focus on the geographical and social mobility of individuals and on the dissemination and application of academic knowledge by individuals and institutions such as universities, schools, churches, monasteries, ecclesiastical and secular courts and tribunals. In addition, this digital methodology enables together with the tools for data visualisation the reconstruction of specific knowledge spaces analysing their determining factors.
This article explains this methodologies using the Hungarian scholars documented in the RAG. This group is a vivid example of the study of academic knowledge circulation and spaces in European networks, with the University of Vienna playing a central role as a mediator of knowledge. The Hungarian scholars demonstrate fundamental research perspectives that are particularly relevant for collaborative approaches: Since biographical data collection requires in-depth knowledge of the historical background of the respective region, an in-depth study of the Hungarian scholars in the RAG would be particularly insightful if their biographies could be digitally supplemented with information from regional or local libraries and archives.
