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• The Study of Arabic language at European Universities

  Miklós Maróth

  Views:

  183

  The Study of the Arabic language on the European Universities. The study of oriental languages, among them that of the Arabic is among the oldest branches of the humanistic scholarship. In the beginning, one can see sporadic individual works, later well-organised activities that take us to the Iberian Peninsula, to Salerno and Paris. In addition to the Koran, philosophical, mathematical and astronomical works were translated from Arabic into Latin in the first half of the second millennium. Later, in the Renaissance, Italia and the Papal State became the centre of the Arabic scholarship. The main ambition of the age was to prepare the texts of the polyglot Bibles, and to investigate the Greek and Arabic medical works. In the following epoch, Leyden and Netherlands emerged from the range of the European universities. Here the aim of the Arabic scholarship was to support the international trade. The Arabic philology on modern sense have been created in Paris by S. de Sacy, who is the common ancestor of all European Arabists. In Hungary, we are attached to him by K. Czeglédy, de Goeje and his Dutch masters.

   

• The Editorial Board of the Budapest Philogical Society (1874 -1948)

  197-228

  József Mudrák

  Views:

  162

  Following its establishment in Germany, the Budapest Philological Society, which was active for seven decades between 1874 and 1948, brought together specialists dealing with classical philology and modern philology.  Among members were ancient studies and modern languages and literaries educating professors and teachers, who were interested in these studies seriously. All the specialists published articles in the Universal Philological Bulletin, which was the journal of this society.
  The study presents the managment of the society with the exact dates, mainly by general meeting records. The society had honorary members from Hungarian and foreign specialists, the best known is Achille Ratti, later pope XI. Pius.

• CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HISTORY OF INDEPENDENT HUNGARIAN-LANGUAGE HIGHER EDUCATION IN TRANSCARPATHIA

  92-107

  Katalin Pallay

  Ferenc Molnár

  Views:

  81

  This study aims to present the path leading to the establishment of independent Hungarian-language higher education in Transcarpathia. Transcarpathia, as a region and administrative unit, was established within the territory of the Czechoslovak Republic following World War I. After World War II, the region became part of Soviet Ukraine. The first higher education institution in Transcarpathia was the Uzhhorod State University, established by the Soviet regime in 1945. In 1963, a Hungarian department was established at the university, followed by the Department of Hungarian Philology two years later. The establishment of the Hungarian college of Higher Education in Berehove, which currently operates as the only independent Hungarian-language higher education institution in Transcarpathia, established the power shifts following Ukraine declares its independence and the period of higher education expansion. Local advocacy organizations and the Hungarian government played a decisive role in the establishment of the Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, ensuring the supply of teachers for Hungarian-language schools in Transcarpathia.

• THE PHILOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR IN EARLY FRENCH PRE-UNIVERSITIES

  45-64

  WILKEN ENGELBRECHT

  Views:

  79

  The article will demonstrate how early French pre-universities in the Loire valley began to look at texts written by Roman writers such as Horace, Ovid and Virgil with the aim of interpreting and explaining the text as Roman texts, without trying to search for ‘hidden meanings’. The article will focus on the philological Ovid-commentary by William of Orléans (c1200), this being a clear example of this philological way of thinking. This approach to classical ‘pagan’ texts provoked a strong reaction that finally resulted in an allegorising interpretation of the classical texts and often the elimination of such texts from the school curriculum. This was the situation which early humanists protested against.

   

   

  A tanulmány azt vizsgálja, hogyan kezdtek el foglalkozni a Loire-menti kora francia előegyetemeken római írók, például Horatius, Ovidius, Virgilus munkáival, abból a célból, hogy a szövegeket római szövegként mindenféle „rejtett értelem” nélkül magyarázzák. Jelen tanulmány Orléans-i Vilmos (1200 körül) Ovidius filológiai kommentárjaival foglalkozik, amely a filológiai gondolkodás kiváló példáját adja. Az ilyen klasszikus „pogány” szövegekhez való visszanyúlás heves indulatokat váltott ki és a klasszikus szövegek allegorikus magyarázatához, majd pedig gyakran a szövegek iskolai tananyagból való eltüntetéséhez vezetett. A korai humanisták tiltakoztak ezen helyzet ellen.