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• Potential use of bamboo in the phytoremediation in of heavy metals: A review

  91-97

  Zhiwei Liang

  Gergő Péter Kovács

  Csaba Gyuricza

  András Neményi

  Views:

  374

  There are many literature sources focusing on the phytoremediation of woody plants, but there are only few dealing with the phytoremediation of bamboo plants. Phytoremediation technology has the advantages of little disturbance to the environment and low remediation cost. Bamboo mainly exists in tropical and subtropical regions. As an energy plant, bamboo has a fast growth cycle, large biomass, simple cultivation, high economic efficiency, and convenient harvesting, which highlights the advantages of bamboo in phytoremediation. In addition, bamboo plants have good tolerance and uptake ability to heavy metals and have high application potential and development value in uptaking heavy metal contaminated soil. However, due to climate, temperature and other reasons, bamboo cannot be widely planted in most countries. Research status of remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by bamboo plants is summarized. The feasibility of its application in heavy metal contaminated soil is discussed in this paper. Aiming at the shortcomings of existing research, bamboo plants have a prospect in the field of plant phytoremediation for the future.

• Applicability of hyperspectral technology for in situ phytoremediation

  71-78

  Attila Nagy

  János Tamás

  Views:

  143

  The characterization of heavy metal polluted abandoned mining sites is a complicated assignment due to the variable spatial distribution of the pollutants, therefore complex integrated method is required in order to assess precisely the amount and the distribution of the contaminants. The examined area is flotation sludge reservoir of abandoned Pb-Zn mining site with serious heavy metal contamination. located in Gyöngyösoroszi, Northern Hungary.
  The hyperspectral image of the flotation sludge is obtained by using a Digital Airborne Imaging Spectrometer DAIS 7915, in the frame of DLR HySens first Hungarian hyperspectral flight campaign (21/08/2002). Parallel to the flight campaign heavy metal content of soil samples were examined from the area of the flotation sludge. The analysis of hyperspectral data was verified by the examination of mine tailing samples by FPXRF (Field Portable X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry) (NITON XL-703).
  Determinations of heavy metal containing minerals are based on the spectral profiles of the pixels of the area with using USGIS standard spectral profiles of the examined materials (galena, pyrite, sphalerite, goethite and jarosit).

  Applying the Spectral Angle Mapper with BandMax classification the distribution of minerals (galena, pyrite, sphalerite, goethite, jarosit) in the area was defined. The mineral formation occurs especially at the levees and the barren places of the Szárazvölgyi flotation sludge reservoir. Based on the statistic results of the samples, principal component analysis and correlation coefficient between the different metal content of the samples were calculated. The highest correlations were found between Pb-Zn, Fe-Zn and between Fe-Pb. This prove the results of the principal component analysis, where usually Pb, Zn, Fe introduce the main component.

  Canopy analysis was also carried out with the hyperspectal image in order to classify the differences between vegetation types at the Szárazvölgy flotation sludge reservoir and analyse the applicability of it. Supervised classification methods were used to distinguish 8 vegetation types based on the spectral properties of the area. The results of the classifications were compared to a ground truth image, based on ortophoto, topographic map, and GPS based field data collection. According to results of the comparison, the paralellpiped classification method is proved to be appropriate method based on the overall accuracy of canopy classification, which was 54% due to heterogeneity of the vegetation. 

  The results of hyperspectral data and FPXRF analysis suggest that Pb, Zn and Fe containing minerals have similar spatial distribution in the examined and barren area.

  Based on this study hyperspectral remote sensing is likely to be an effective tool for the characterization and modeling the distribution of Pb, Zn and Fe containing minerals at the examined heavy metal polluted sites. Further more, based on the vegetation analysis plant species for phytoremediation can be defined.

• Plant production possibilities on a heavy metal contaminated soil with the purpose of biorefinery

  215-222

  Ágnes Dergez

  Lajos Blaskó

  Diána Bordás

  György Zsigrai

  István Kiss

  Sándor szabó

  Views:

  133

  Significant part of not cultivated area of Hungary is not suitable for agricultural utilization because of industrial
  pollution. Technologies of biorefinery make reutilization of contaminated areas possible. Biomass of plants
  produced on polluted soils can be raw material of valuable products. Applicability of biorefinery was tested on a
  heavy metal polluted soil, where the contamination originated from previous mining activity. Complete biomass
  utilization was aimed to obtain cosmetic ingredients, pharmaceutical agents, and precursors. During our research
  work 88 plant species and varieties were produced and tested for potential utilizable components. Levels of
  possible contaminants in these plants were monitored, and amounts of carbohydrates, protein, organic acid and
  cellulose were determined as well. Different plant extracts were tested as potential sources of biologically effective
  components or as raw materials for lactic acid fermentation. Our results show that biorefinery is a real possibility
  for utilization of polluted areas. Numerous plants could be cultivated on contaminated areas without increased
  levels of contaminants in their tissues, thus they can be sources of valuable compounds.