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Regional differences and influencing factors in climate anxiety among 16-30 year olds in Hungary
10-22Views:118Anxiety caused by climate change (climate anxiety) increase the attention among younger generations. However, regional differences in this phenomenon and analysis of its triggering factors in a domestic context are still lacking. The aim of this research is to examine the extent of climate anxiety among 16-30 year-olds in Hungary, focusing on regional differences (Northern Great Plain, Northern Hungary, Pest (Central Hungary), Western Transdanubia) and the role of the social environment. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 2023 with 302 participants and in 2025 with 190 participants. Our results showed significant regional differences in the extent of climate anxiety, with the highest values observed in the Pest (Central Hungary) region. The social environment's attitude towards climate change was closely related to climate anxiety, while demographic factors (age) proved to be less decisive. The research highlights the importance of social norms, the immediate environment, and regional location in the development of climate anxiety, which can be addressed through targeted interventions and increased social awareness.
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Regional differences in perceptions of motivation at work
35-46Views:338The unpredictable labour market environment is forcing more and more organisations to look for sustainable long-term solutions to secure their workforce. Increasing employee satisfaction, which can largely be achieved through the application of appropriate motivational factors, is a key issue. The aim of the research is to explore whether regional differences in employee motivation and expectations at work make a difference. Using primary and secondary methods, I investigated the importance of individual motivational factors and whether there are regional differences in employee preferences. Descriptive statistical methods, correlation and cross-tabulation analysis were used to analyse the data (n=280) collected by questionnaire method. The results showed that respect and esteem were the most influential factors in Hunt's theory of goal motivation, especially in metropolitan settings. In contrast, Herzberg's hygiene factors were found to play a greater role for workers in smaller municipalities. Regional differences show that workers' expectations are adapted to environmental characteristics. The regional differences are mainly reflected in the fact that some factors are more important in smaller settlements (belonging), while other factors are more important for workers in metropolitan areas (stability, self-development).
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Examination of the organizational structure and the management functions of state-accredited football academies
102-111Views:550My research was aimed to investigate the organizational structure and the management functions of the state-accredited football academies in Hungary. The relenvance of this topic is given by the high amount of money flowing in to this sector, and the changes in the onganizational background. With the development of football, the clubs are working yet as companies, and this organistional frame requires a well planned structure. In my research I analized the operation of these organisations as companies, and I tried to answer the suggested questions about structure and leadership, with a comparative analysis of the academies highlighted by the national federation. I revealed what are the organizational problems faced by the academies, and which directions they have to follow to develop their companies, to ensure the safe, and long term operation. I choosed 3 from the 10 state-accredited academies to analyse their structure. The chosen clubs were the Várda Sport Egyesület, the Vasas Kubala Akadémia, and the Győri ETO FC youth base. It was important for me to represent an academy from each part of Hungary, to have the possibility to see some regional specialities. Through my study I investigated the responsibilities of the academy directors to see which were the key areas they had to enchance in their companies, and to define the differences in each organization. It was also my goal to reveal these differences have benefists or disadvantages for the operation. My main goal was to locate critical success factors needed for the modern, and proper operation. The research revealed that the three academies examined follow the traditional linear, functional organizational structure, but there are also differences in the definition of jobs and in the operation of the company. These differences are largely to be found in the local identity and the still ongoing development of the organizational background.
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Development characteristics of small villages in Hungary after the turn of the millennium
48-57Views:315The aim of the study is to describe some characteristic features of Hungarian small villages. Based on a literature review, the topic of a comparative analysis of settlements with different populations has been the subject of research in Hungary for about half a century. Laws had been enacted since the 1970s to reduce the spatial differences. However, despite the national's intention, the differences between the individual regions and settlement groups continued to increase. This is also reflected in the fact that under the current development policy legislation – Government Decree 290/2014. (XI. 26.) – small villages have a higher than average chance of being included in disadvantaged districts. The aim of my study is to outline the situation of municipalities with a population of less than half a thousand people by analyzing statistical data and presenting the results of my own questionnaire survey. These municipalities make up more than a third of the Hungarian settlements population, while their population just only 2.2% of the national population. In the course of the analysis, I focus primarily on demographic processes and the development of communal infrastructure. These developments (sewage network, pipeline gas supply) could highly improve the quality of life of the inhabitants of small settlements. Despite all these investments, emigration is significant due to the lack of jobs, as a result of which the aging of local society continues. The importance of the regional embeddedness of the settlements is shown by the fact that while the situation of the small settlements of Veszprém, Vas and Zala county can be said to be relatively favorable, the small villages of Baranya, Somogy and Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén can be considered disadvantaged in almost all indicators.
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The ethical attitudes of students enrolled in the undergraduate economics program at the University of Debrecen regarding workplace behaviour
1-14Views:22The aim of this study is to explore the ethical attitudes of students enrolled in the undergraduate economics program at the University of Debrecen with regard to workplace behaviour, within the institutional context of a higher education environment in Eastern Hungary. The research is based on both secondary and primary data collection; the latter involved a quantitative analysis conducted through an online questionnaire completed by a sample of 174 respondents. The questionnaire focused on socio-demographic background, the evaluation of ethical and unethical actions, and the identification of factors influencing ethical behaviour and the workplace environment. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS software, including descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and cross-tabulation analysis. The results revealed significant gender differences in ethical attitudes, particularly in the assessment of unethical behaviours. According to the respondents, respect, conscience, and upbringing are the most important motivators of ethical behaviour, while the most frequently mentioned unethical workplace behaviours were theft, disrespect, and lying. The findings indicate that the key element of an ethical workplace environment is mutual respect, whereas an unethical environment is primarily characterized by a lack of appreciation and honesty. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of ethical sensitivity among young adults through the student population of the University of Debrecen and provides a foundation for further studies that incorporate more detailed background variables—such as place of residence or country of origin—to examine regional characteristics and enable intra-regional comparisons (e.g., Debrecen vs. rural areas, domestic vs. international students).
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Regional differences in the distribution of Industry 4.0 applications in the SME sector
79-87Views:273Since 2014, the European Commission has been measuring the development of the digital economy and society with the DESI indicator. The DESI 2020 report shows that the Covid-19 epidemic has made digital tools even more important for countries’ economies. Hungary is ranked 21st out of 28 EU Member States on the DESI indicator which is measuring the digital economy and society. Improving the competitiveness of Hungarian companies in the international market depends on the extent of their digitalisation. The aim of this research is to provide an overview of the financial instruments and resources available to support the implementation of an advanced digitalisation systems at Hungarian companies in the past EU budget period. Two calls for proposals were available in the 2014-2020 funding period in Hungary in the context of advanced digitisation: GINOP 1.2.8-17 and GINOP 3.2.6-8.2.4-17. A regional comparative analysis between the two calls was not feasible because the funding intensities for eligible costs are different for the two calls, therefore the calls were evaluated separately. The analysis found that the reasons for the low willingness to apply are assumed to include the lack of economic and social potential in rural areas, with the main reasons being the lack of own resources to invest and the lack of a workforce with the right digital skills.
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Is an education programme based on social innovation sustainable?
114-124Views:233Social sustainability is a key concept that can be identified as an important factor in the processes supporting the satisfaction of the current needs of humanity and the preservation of the environment and natural resources for future generations. Social innovation initiatives are solutions that support a sustainable future and can be suitable for mitigating differences at the regional level, increasing regional competitiveness, and helping to catch up. The reduction and elimination of educational inequalities requires long-term solutions that require innovative cooperation between the actors of society. Within the framework of the study, we examine the examples of social innovation efforts in education and the effects of these practices, during which we pay special attention to issues of social sustainability. Our goal is to present social innovation programs and good practices that can be identified as equalizing education solutions and can be adapted and sustained in order to increase well-being while taking into account local needs and demands as well as the characteristics of the given community. Within the framework of the study, the examined good practices are presented in a structured form, emphasizing the key elements that ensure social sustainability.
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Institutional and consumer market aspects of regional tourism development along the Lower-Ipoly
8-19Views:294Depending on the macro-level management of tourism, whether a top-down or a bottom-up or integrated tourism development method is applied, the assessment of the organizational and consumer market is an integral part of the status quo analysis. Coordination the stakeholders of the organizational market could be the task of a TDM, however, the linear extent and network of settlements, the specific location, and the unfavourable demographic characteristics raise a number of problems. The study summarizes the results of a research to make foundation for a tourism development concept, outlining the similarities and differences between the two stakeholder groups regarding the tourism needs of the given area. It also covers the preferred types of tourism and the services that make up each tourism product (absolute value, ranking and the ratio to the average). The Lower-Ipoly region can occupy a special position in the tourism market in some aspects (water, bicycle and ecotourism) by combining special product and destination development, as well as experience management and perhaps visitor management elements. Although the limited resources of the organizational market confine the realization of consumer ideas, the success of development is influenced by the demarcation of boundaries, which is a qualitative rather than a quantitative issue and is related to segmentation and differentiated supply. The organizational functions of the destination management are performed by the leading organization of the project currently being implemented. Thus, due to the overlapping maintenance periods, if the projects are sufficiently coordinated, continuous tourism coordination will take place even in the absence of a TDM organization. The results of the consumer market research show that solving the problems arising from limited natural resources requires a significant change in market behaviour not only for tourism service providers, but also for tourists.
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Spatial characteristics of European Union supported projects with the objective to enhance the dissemination of renewable energy resources in in the 2007-2013 budgetary period
59-68Views:240In the recent period, the use of renewable energy sources has received increasing emphasis both in the European Union and in Hungary. Building on the successes of the recent decades, the European Union and Hungarian documents have set increasingly ambitious objectives. European Union subsidies play a very important role in the financing of investments, and in the spirit of this, the aim of the study is to present the spatial characteristics of projects supporting the use of renewable energy sources in one specific region of Hungary, in the Northern Great Plain region. As a result of the research, on the one hand, the influencing role of three factors can be detected. The effect of socioeconomic development was observed at both county and district levels, and in the case of settlements the number of population and the administrative role (existence of a district center) can be mentioned. On the other hand, the study also revealed that there are significant differences between the spatial characteristics of the two operational programs supporting the use of renewable energy sources (Regional and Settlement Development Operational Program, Environmental and Energy Efficiency Operational Program).
