External analysts often characterize our region (Eastern Europe or Central-Eastern Europe) as a whole. Such approaches can be found not only in economic and political issues, but also in social terms. However, local experts, who are familiar with the specifics of these countries, are aware of the nuances and differences that have become specific to a certain country. This paper aims to reveal the historical and social context of social work in Romania, which determines the current position and role of the profession. It is obvious that the profession has made a long course of development over the last three decades since it has been virtually reborn, but as the final part of the paper emphasizes, many organizational problems still need to be resolved.