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• Effect of maize (Zea mays L.) emergence dynamics on yield

  97-112

  István Sojnóczki

  János Nagy

  István Kecskés

  Views:

  39

  Recently, there has been an increased interest in improving sowing technologies and practices, as sowing is one of the most important, if not the most critical, operations that a farmer carries out during the growing season. The emergence dynamics of sown seed have been suggested by several authors to have an impact on yield potential. This condition was studied in two crop years that differed in environmental conditions. Under these effects, individual yields of the earliest- and later-emerged plants were examined. Various physical parameters were measured, such as ear weight, ear length, ear diameter, as well as individual grain weight, thousand grain weight and number of grains. Correlation was found between these yield parameters and the ripening time. Our results confirmed that there is an influence of the emergence dynamics on the yield potential, as the earliest-emerging plants yield the highest yield. Therefore, our breeding technology should also meet the goal of getting as many plants to germinate in the first emergence period.

• Analysing the smart parameters of maize hybrids

  21-36

  László Hadászi

  Árpád Illés

  Csaba Bojtor

  István Sojnóczki

  János Nagy

  Views:

  42

  In this research, excellent maize hybrids grown over a large area in Hungary were tested in a super intensive drip irrigation experiment. The experiment was set up at the University of Debrecen, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, Debrecen Educational Farm and Landscape Research Institute (DE AKIT DTTI) the Látókép Crop Production Experimental Station. In our study, eight hybrids with different FAO numbers were analysed under field conditions in drip irrigation long-term experiments. The yield of each genotype and the yield components determining the yield were estimated on the basis of individual sampling after physiological maturity. After sampling, the average individual grain weight, individual grain number, thousand grain weight and yield of each genotype were determined by individual sample processing. Despite unfavourable agro-meteorological factors, intensive production techniques resulted in yields of genotypes H3, H5 and H6 all exceeding 15 t ha-1, indicating high yield stability of the examined genotypes. Two factors, individual grain number and individual grain weight, are of primary importance in the development of yield. Genotype-specific evaluation of these factors revealed that the genotype H6 was prominent in the values of individual grain number, outperforming the other examined hybrids by about 9–34%. In addition, in the experiment, the H5 hybrid also had an individual grain number exceeding 600 grains per ear, significantly outperforming the other tested hybrids. The genotype H4 proved to be the most outstanding in terms of thousand grain weight with a value of 465.71 g. These results showed that the hybrid had 10–27% higher thousand grain weight compared to the other tested genotypes. Of the examined hybrids, H2 and H3, which exceeded 400 g thousand grain weight, showed outstanding values despite the fact that they are short maturity hybrids.

• Comparative analyses of tetraploid genotypes produced by androgenesis

  113-126

  Árpád Székely

  Tímea Szalóki

  János Pauk

  Csaba Lantos

  Mihály Jancsó

  Views:

  14

  Plant breeding uses androgenesis-derived dihaploids for faster breeding. A small percentage of autotetraploids are also produced during the production of dihaploids. This paper presents a microplot field study of these tetraploids. The experiment used 6–6 diploid-tetraploid pairs, which are the results of three different combinations. In addition to phenological data (emergence, plant height, developmental stage on BBCH scale), yield and its components (panicle length, number of filled grains, number of unfilled grains, fertility) were also determined. The uniform vegetative development of tetraploids did not differ from that of diploids. However, they have a longer cropping period due to the prolongation of the reproductive phase. The least time delay was observed in line of 1087/8/35T, making it one of the shortest growing time tetraploid lines. In addition, this genotype has the highest number of filled grains and the second lowest unfilled grains, causing a very high fertility (~60%). This value is very encouraging, as conventional tetraploid lines have a fertility of 50%, while the new neo-tetraploid and PMeS lines have fertility in the range of 68–80%. With the expansion of experiments, hopefully, the genotypes with higher fertility will be identified.