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• Effects of fertilisation frequency on the development of 'Australian yellow leaf' lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) under aeroponic cultivation

  23-43

  Edit Gorliczay

  Kornélia Montvai

  János Tamás

  Attila Nagy

  Views:

  9

  The high nutritional value and mineral content of lettuce has attracted the interest of many researchers in indoor experiments. Therefore, in our research, we chose ’Australian yellow leaf’ lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) as the experimental plant. In aeroponic systems, the droplet size, the intensity of the nutrient application and the light are the most important parameters that determine the physical and nutritional parameters of the plants. Based on these, the aim of the study was to determine the effect of different nutrient application intensities on aeroponically grown ’Australian yellow leaf’ lettuce. Four treatments were set up in the aeroponic system (AeroFlo20) which means 1st treatment – 10×15 min/day, 2nd treatment – 8×8 min/day, 3rd treatment – 4×15 min/day, 4th treatment – 2×30 min/day. During the nine weeks of the experiment, leaf number (pcs/plant) and root length (cm) development, total chlorophyll (µg/g) and carotenoid content (µg/g), water potential (bar) and stress parameters (Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo) were measured. Based on our results, it can be concluded that leaf number, plant height and root length increased with decreasing nutrient application intensity in ’Australian yellow leaf’ lettuce, so that 30 min of nutrient application twice daily is sufficient if these parameters are taken into account. In the case of water potential, significantly higher values were obtained for the treatment with most daily nutrient applications (10 times 15 min/day) (-3.72±0.33 bar) than for the treatment where plants were given nutrient solution twice a day (p<0.05).

• Evaluation of field genetic potential based on the results of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids with different genotypes

  5-21

  Zoltán Bódi

  Views:

  15

  Based on the results of field trials, we evaluated the phenometric and yield-forming elements of two maize hybrids with different maturity times. These indicators greatly contribute to the recommendation of hybrids to growers in farm practice and provide guidance in the development of hybrid-specific production technology.
  Syngenta Kft. and the University of Debrecen have been conducting a joint study since 2018 to determine the field yield potential of new hybrids to be introduced. During the trial we strive to ensure that corn receives optimal conditions and does not starve for a unique day. During the experiment, the development stages of the hybrids were recorded in addition to the growth day degree (GDD). In addition to the continuous monitoring of SPAD and NDVI values, the dry-down dynamics are also precisely determined. 2024 was an extreme year for maize production, with extremely high temperatures characterizing the country in July and August. Based on the latest harvest data, the average domestic yield was 5.7 t/ha (varied between 3.4–7.9 t/ha among counties). The yield depression of the 2024 growing year was primarily due to the persistent, extremely hot weather in the summer. Coupled with less than average precipitation, a significant soil drought developed.
  In the above experiment, SY Evident FAO 430-440 (H13 hybrid) achieved a yield of 20.81 t/ha, while SY Stacio FAO 360-380 (H12 hybrid), which was earlier in maturity, achieved a yield of 19.46 t/ha on a mesoplot at the university’s Látókép field experimental site. The results of the tested hybrids were greatly influenced by the early planting date, with which the hybrids avoided the extreme heat during flowering. The different genotypes were greatly influenced by the harmonious nutrient supply and optimal weather conditions in May and June (VE-R1 phase). This was statistically confirmed in the change in chlorophyll content (SPAD values) and NDVI values among the hybrids. Due to the high GDD values and ideal conditions created by irrigation during the growth stages from the period of grain filling to physiological maturity (R2-R6 phase), the hybrid with a higher maturity time (H13) statistically exceeded the hybrid with a very early maturity time (H12) by 6.9%. The irrigation-water use efficiency (IRRWUE) of the tested hybrids was as follows: in the case of SY Evident (H13) it was 41.8 kg/mm, while in the case of SY Stacio (H12) this value was 39.2 kg/mm.
  By supporting optimal fertilization, we can increase yields, improve crop safety and strengthen sustainable agricultural practices at the same time. Our goal is to transfer these results to farm practice in the future, complemented by the background support of recent digital tools.

• Correlation study of NDVI and yield in maize at different phenological stages with different flight settings

  31-50

  Lehel Lengyel

  Adrienn Széles

  Csaba Bojtor

  Endre Harsányi

  János Nagy

  Árpád Illés

  Views:

  33

  In this research, the authors sought solutions to one of the most important challenges facing agriculture. The growth of the world's population and the decline and degradation of arable land pose new challenges for agriculture. Cereal crops play a key role in food production, with maize being of particular importance as it is grown worldwide. Precision farming is playing an increasingly important role in modern agriculture, making remote sensing and data analysis of paramount importance.
  The weather conditions in 2024 were unusual: spring was rainy and warm, while the summer months were exceptionally hot with an above-average number of heat days. The experiments were conducted during four different phenological stages of corn development (V5, V10, R1, and R3). Outside the growing season, we used three types of flight settings: measurements without RTK, with RTK, and with a combination of RTK and altitude tracking. During the study, three hybrids with different FAO numbers were analyzed, and the results were evaluated at five different nutrient levels in addition to the control.
  It was observed that in the early (V5 and V10) phenological phases, there was a closer correlation between NDVI values and crop yield, which can be explained by the favorable spring and early summer weather conditions of the year. The flight settings showed similar results at three measurement times, but differences appeared in the R1 phenological phase. It can be assumed that the large amount of pollen deposited on the leaves during flowering influenced the NDVI values. In addition, the creation of orthomosaics from RTK and altitude tracking images proved to be more time-consuming and, in some cases, required multiple attempts with the WebODM software used. These results provided valuable data and serve as a good starting point for further research.

• Analysing the yield elements of sweet maize (Zea mays conv. saccharata Koern) in irrigation production

  97-111

  János Nagy

  Cintia Demeter

  Zsuzsanna Bakos

  Atala Szabó

  Lúcia Sinka

  Hajer Mohamed Ibrahim Sidahmed

  Károly Simon

  Árpád Illés

  Views:

  32

  The success of sweet maize cultivation is affected by a number of environmental and technological factors. In addition to choosing the appropriate genotypes to cope with stress effects, it is important to use precision farming techniques, nutrient supply and irrigation adapted to the genotype. Sweet maize is one of the most drought-sensitive crops in arable farming, therefore, the use of precision irrigation farming techniques is essential for successful management. Our experiments were carried out under controlled conditions in three different crop years (2020, 2021, 2022). In June and July, irrigation was carried out with drip irrigation. The raw grain weight per hectare of the GSS sweet maize hybrid differed significantly from year to year. In the unfavourable year 2022, the raw grain yield was 10.400 t/ha. In contrast, in 2021 and 2020, the grain yield was significantly higher, at 1.466 and 2.810 tonnes per hectare, respectively. We measured close, consistent relationships between rainfall and irrigation volume when analysing the combined water use. For 1 mm of water (from precipitation and irrigation), we measured 27.1 kg of grain weight in 2020; 25.6 kg in 2021; and 23.5 kg in the unfavourable growing year 2022.