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• Prioritizing Watersheds for Flood Risk Assessment in Uttarakhand Himalayas using Geospatial Techniques and TOPSIS Method

  54-71

  Abhishek Kumar

  Pardeep Kumar

  Views:

  32

  Uttarakhand has a highly diverse topography, with snow-covered peaks, deep canyons, roaring streams, and dusty plains, all drained by various rivers of the Ganges system, India. The present study prioritizes watersheds in the Uttarakhand Himalayas for flood susceptibility using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, supported by GIS and remote sensing data. ALOS PALSAR Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with 12.5-meter resolution was utilized to map topographic features and to analyze 18 morphometric parameters of 28 watersheds. The TOPSIS method prioritized sub-watersheds using AHP criteria weights, which are classified into five priority levels ranging from very low to very high. The Sarju, Ram Ganga, and Song watersheds were identified as having the highest flood risk, placing them in the “Very High” priority class. These watersheds exhibited high drainage density (Dd), stream frequency (Fs), and bifurcation ratio (Rb), indicating a dense and complex drainage network prone to rapid runoff and increased flood potential. The watersheds such as Bandagarh, Parry, and Chandra Bhaga were placed in the “Very Low” priority class due to lower closeness coefficient (Cci) values, suggesting simpler drainage systems and reduced flood risk. The AUC (Area Under Curve) value of 0.789, indicates a good predictive accuracy for the TOPSIS model. The classification helps in pinpointing high-risk areas that require urgent flood management interventions.

• Rainfall Dependency and Water quality Assessment of springs of three villages of Rudraprayag District: An analysis of veins of Uttarakhand Himalaya

  36-47

  Neha Chauhan

  Anjali Naik

  Mahavir Singh Negi

  Views:

  237

  A spring is a crevice in the substrate that forms naturally and allows water to pour out directly from the earths subsurface. Every major river in the country has a system of springs that serve as a symbolic representation of its source. But this very fundamental source of many resources is in peril. The problem is mainly related with the reduced discharge rate of water from the spring. The reason of truncate discharge rate is variability in the rainfall pattern in the recharge area due to the climate change over the years.To ensure the quality and security of the public's water supply, regular quality assessments of drinking water sources are required. In consequence, this study not only analyse the rainfall dependency of springs but also evaluated the spring water quality for drinking, using water quality index, in three villages located in Jakholi block of Rudraparayag district, Uttarakhand. The ten foremost physiochemical elements that regulate water quality—Nitrate, Fluoride, Iron, pH, Turbidity, Chloride, Residual Chlorine, Magnesium, sulphate, and Hardness—were investigated to ensure compliance with guidelines defined by the Bureau of Indian Standards IS: 12500:2012. After examining the data, it became apparent that all of the indicators pointed to acceptable water quality, making it ideal for drinking. However, because of its low discharge and great reliance on rainfall, its position is getting more detrimental.