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• Monitoring temperature patterns at selected world heritage sites in Egypt using high resolution WorldClim data

  42-58

  Viranch N. Dave

  Views:

  609

  Long term temperature patterns helps in assessing changes in the climatic conditions of an area and climatic changes poses a major challenge to the world heritage sites whether it is natural or cultural. Therefore in this study using maximum and minimum temperature data for the period 1960-2021 downloaded from WorldClim 2.1 calculation of mean temperature is done in QGIS environment for the selected UNESCO world heritage sites of Arab Republic of Egypt. WorldClim 2.1 provides finer resolution gridded data downscaled from Climate Research Unit. Trend analysis using linear regression and Mann-Kendall method and Sen’s Slope estimate is used to understand the patterns of mean temperature at all the selected sites. The study reveals that mean temperature at all the selected sites is increasing but since 1990 the sites which are located geographically in lower Egypt are witnessing rapid increase in mean temperature compared to the sites located in upper Egypt which historically witnessed more temperature due to its geographical milieu. This study can help in stimulating the utility of geospatial data in understanding the changes in climatic parameters in relation to world heritage sites. Moreover it can serve as foundation upon which detailed longitudinal site specific investigation can be done.

• Trend analysis of temperature over the Meghalaya Plateau: A case study of Ri Bhoi District

  63-76

  Andy T.G Lyngdoh

  Subrata Purkayastha

  Views:

  230

  Climate change is a reality in the present world, and most nations are fighting this menace by bringing in mitigation measures to check our carbon footprint and developing measures to make ourselves more resilient to hazards associated with climate change and global warming. These necessities measure the nature and degree of change in the climatic elements, viz., temperature, rainfall, etc. Located on the northern slopes of the Meghalaya plateau, the Ri Bhoi district is characterized by a complex climatic condition owing to its altitudinal differences. The district is divided into two distinct zones: the Highland zone, located closer to Shillong, and the Lowland zone, lying closer to the Brahmaputra plains. The economy of Ri Bhoi district is agrarian in nature, where most of the rural populations live close to nature, following subsistence agriculture with fewer technological innovations; hence, awareness of temperature changes becomes essential for carrying out their livelihoods. In this context, the present paper attempts to analyze both the minimum and maximum average monthly, seasonal, and annual temperatures over two decades (1999–2019) in both zones. The Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test and Sen’s slope estimate were employed to find the nature of the temperature trend and its magnitude in the two zones of Ri Bhoi District. The findings suggest an erratic behavior of both the maximum and minimum temperature has been observed in the Highland and Lowland zones of Ri Bhoi district over the past two decades, impacting agriculture and agro-based livelihoods.

• Urbanization induced land use/land cover change and its impact on land surface temperature in Bhubaneshwar city, India

  43-62

  Kiran Kumari Singh

  Madhusmita Parida

  Garima Jasrotia

  Views:

  251

  The study was conducted in Bhubaneswar City, the capital of the Indian state of Odisha. The impact of the increase in surface temperature on the city was studied by retrieving LST, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDBI) values of Bhubaneswar using Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 data for 2001, 2011, and 2021. The surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect was also studied to identify temperature changes and hotspots in the city. There was a rise of 3.93℃ and 1.55℃ in the maximum and minimum LST in Bhubaneshwar city from 2001 to 2021. The heating effect of the built-up and cooling effect of vegetation was ascertained through correlation analysis between LST and NDBI (positive) and between LST and NDVI (negative). The results of this study will help the government and urban planners to identify heat stress and vulnerable areas, thereby contributing to better monitoring and future planning of the city. Thus, this will lead to efficient heat strategies and action plans such as developing green spaces in and around the city.

• Relation of meteorological elements and air pollutants to respiratory diseases

  1-15

  Szintia Tombácz

  László Makra

  Views:

  88

  This paper determines the characteristic weather types over the Carpathian Basin for the summer – early autumn period (July 15 – October 15) and the winter months (December, January, and February), with the levels of chemical (CO, NO, NO2 , NO2/NO, O3, O3max, SO2, PM10) and biological [Ambrosia (ragweed) pollen] air pollutants, and with their effect to the respiratory diseases. Based on the ECMWF data set, daily sea-level pressure fields analysed at 00 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) were prepared for each weather type (cluster) in order to detect the relation between, on the one hand, the sea-level pressure patterns and, on the other, the levels of the chemical and biological air pollutants as well as the frequency of the respiratory diseases in Szeged. Objective definition of the characteristic weather types occurred by using the methods of Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis. As a result, in the summer – early autumn period the total patient number is proportional to the mean monthly temperature, the maximum and minimum temperatures; however, respiratory diseases occur more frequently, when relative humidity is low. On the other hand, in the winter months there is no relation between the meteorological variables and the patient numbers.