This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal variations in above-ground biomass (AGB) within the Jorhat region from 2001 to 2023. It also highlights the impacts of urbanization, physiographic characteristics, and soil types on AGB variation. In order to accurately assess landscape-level variation of biomass, a combination of field surveys, remote sensing techniques, and modelling approaches are employed in this study. Biomass estimation is difficult over large area using traditional method. The synoptic nature of satellite-based data improves the monitoring of inaccessible areas. Results show approximately 16.6% decrease in AGB, with urban and peripheral areas experiencing the most notable declines due to reduced forest cover. Physiographic analysis reveals low AGB values in marshes (13 t/ha), swamps (14 t/ha), and char lands (25 t/ha). The growth of trees is suppressed seasonal flooding in this physiography. Additionally, AGB follows an increasing trend from North to South, in alignment with the region’s elevation profile. Soils also exhibit variations in AGB, with alluvial soils supporting higher biomass compared to other soil types. Key ecological linkages and spatial patterns are highlighted in this study, laying the groundwork for more proactive and comprehensive environmental management. Finally, in a time of fast environmental change, these insights can assist stakeholders and policymakers
in creating more evidence-based, flexible solutions to protect ecosystems.