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The effect of overripe sheepmanure on the composition and the yield of first growth Alopecuretum pratensis grassland association
29-32Views:36An experiment with overripe sheep-manure was carried out to make the environmental protective technology of nutrition on a cut-utilized grassland in the Karcag Research Institute of University of Debrecen, CAS. Based on our research results gained from the experiment of the low input Alopecuretum pratensis grassland association we established 4 year old research, that the 20 t/ha dose overripe sheep-manure the most favourable economical point of niev and perspective to increase the cover rate of clovers.
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The effect of sheep manure the yield of primary growth o fan extensive natural grassland
27-30Views:43An experiment with overriped sheep-manure was carried out to make the environmental protective technology of nutrition on a cut grassland in the Karcag Research Institute of University of Debrecen, CAS. Based on our research results gained from a 4 year field experiment of Alopecuretum pratensis grassland association we have concluded that the 20 t/ha overriped sheep-manure the was optimum rate most favourable from economical point of niev and for increasing the rate of clovers in the sward.
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Parasite control with Red Chicory extract
27-29.Views:141Authors conducted studies in 2021 at the sheep farm of Karcag Research Institute. Searching for methodologies to reduce endoparasitosis. Traditional medical application of weed roots, with a focus on tannin and inulin content were tested. Extracts from Cichorium intybus and Cichorium intybus var. foliosum were made and administered to infected ewes. Strongylus sp. eggs significantly reduced after treatment due to inulin and tannin content. Further experiments should be reveal whether dried or diluted extracts are more efficient.
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Spontaneous winter fire effects on semi-natural grassland
9-14Views:157The effect of uncontrolled turf fire was investigated on the meadow grassland of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Karcag Research Institute. The fire in January 2022, which was very dry, resulted in an increase in the proportion of bunchgrass and uncovered area in the burned area, based on our cenological recordings. We measured higher carbon dioxide emissions in the burned area at all measurement times using an infrared gas analyser. Soil moisture values recorded with soil probes were higher in the control grassland with intact grassland cover. Since we had the opportunity to carry out studies in a drought year, it is absolutely justified to investigate the effects of grass fires in other growing areas and under other precipitation conditions, because their more frequent occurrence in our country can be predicted.
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Development of the plant population structure of grassland communities with different land use according to WB values
59-64Views:37We carried out our phenological study in the underutilized grassland of the Karcag Research Institute between 2017 and 2020, where we analyzed the effects of the following utilization methods on plant structure: zero utilization, mowing once a year, mulching once a year and meadow utilization. The Balázs quadrat method was used to record the grassland association. The recorded plants were grouped and analysed according to Borhidi's water demand (WB) ecological indicators.
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Investigation of early season phytoproduction in sheep pastures
3-7Views:119In the droughty spring of 2021, we investigated the rate of phytoproduction development in extensive grassland plots with solonyec soil conditions from the perspective of sheep grazing. During the empirical time interval of the start of potential sheep grazing, data were recorded on a total of 7 occasions at 6 different sites registered under one parcel number. Our results showed that the highest soil moisture values during the study period were measured in the fallow grassland, while the highest soil temperature values were measured in the grassland used as enclosed pasture. Plant height values were highest in the fallow grassland and in the grassland of the pasture forest. The lowest plant height was recorded in the enclosed pasture, although the highest nutrient availability was also measured here.
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Clarifying the effect of season on the early crop development of unconditionally grazed sheep
17-22Views:41The feasibility of first grazing of extensive sheep pastures was investigated by monitoring the height of grassland in the spring of 2022 and 2023 at the Karcag Research Institute, focusing on the effect of vintage in this manuscript. For 6 grassland plots with different parameters, potentially suitable for early spring sheep grazing, in a meadow on solonyec soil with no level of inputs due to environmental subsidies, we refined soil temperature, soil moisture and height of grassland vegetation at the same time of year. For both years, it was concluded that it is justified to start grazing sheep on the fallow grassland and the pasture forest.
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Use of farmyard manure in grassland
39-41Views:225A gazdálkodási körülmények átalakulása miatt nagyban megváltozott a gyephasznosítási gyakorlat. Hazánkban túlsúlyba kerültek az olyan gyepterületek, ahol természetvédelmi célú gyepgazdálkodást írnak elő a különböző rendeletek, vagy ezt a gazdálkodási formát maguk a tulajdonosok vállalják támogatás fejében. Teljesen mindegy, hogy milyen gazdálkodást végzünk, ha „a füvet betakarítjuk és lehordjuk a területről”, azt valamilyen tápanyag formájában pótolnunk kell a talaj számára. A szervesanyagok használata a fenntartható tápanyagpótlásban egyre nagyobb hangsúlyt kell, hogy kapjon.
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Effect of organic fertilisation on yield and soil factor values of extensive grassland
23-28Views:44The effect of different rates of organic fertilizer was investigated on a natural grassland with solonyec soil conditions at the Karcag Research Institute in the second year after application. Of the mature sheep manure treatments applied at 0-10-15-20 t/ha, the 20 t/ha dose was shown to result in higher dry matter yields. In addition, the 20 t/ha dose of organic manure was shown to stimulate soil life, as supported by measurements of carbon dioxide emissions, and to help better conserve soil moisture.
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Study of Trifolium angulatum phytomass in Karcag
31-36Views:7Our studies were conducted at the Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences in Karcag, where in 2023, due to favourable precipitation and temperature conditions, we had the opportunity to study the phytomass yields of a massively reproducing annual Trifolium species in a saline soil condition. Yield measurements (green yield, hay yield, crude protein yield, dry matter yield) showed that in all cases higher yields were measured in the Trifolium angulatum-covered grassland than in the control grassland, and statistical analysis showed a close correlation in all cases. Through our studies, we aimed to provide new data on the specific floristic events in environmentally managed grassland in the Pannonian Basin from a farmer's perspective.
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Degradation degree evolution under different grassland management
35-44Views:96The objective of this manuscript is to clarify the changes in vegetation structure of an extensively managed grassland association under different land use practices. In the grasslands of the Hungarian Great Plain, the westernmost part of the Eurasian steppe, the largely decreasing grazing livestock numbers and the almost disappearing pastoral grazing make the topic very topical. We analysed the last 4 years of the study period 2009-2020 and found that the lowest degradation rates were measured in the meadow utilisation management, with values ranging from 0.277-0.463 in the 11th year of the experiment. And the highest degradation values were measured in the treatment with the overgrazing mode, with degradation degrees 3.43-5.0 in the 11th year of the experiment. In the treatment demonstrating the effect of overgrazing, we measured a high increase in the cover value of the weed Hordenum murinum, which is very dangerous for sheep, between 2017 and 2020, with an average of 107.6%.
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Reed hay as a delicacy
3-8Views:7Comparison of yield and nutritional values of Phragmites communis and Festuca pseudovina main crops was carried out in 2022 in Karcag, in a meadow-solonyec soil condition.
In terms of yield indicators, the values for cane were demonstrably higher than for the concurrently mown lean bunchgrass in flowering phenophase.
The results of the nutrient analysis showed higher N, P, K, Zn and Mn contents in the cane than in the lean samples. However, in terms of Ca, Mg, Na, Cu and Fe contents, lean chenkase samples showed higher values than reed samples.
Of course, our results can only be considered as a first step in the refinement of the value metrics for perspective alternative fibre feeds -
Investigation of carbon dioxide emissions from underutilized grassland
15-25Views:250Climate change-induced extreme changes are making phytomass yields of extensive grasslands in continental areas increasingly dependent on the season. This situation is exacerbated, inter alia, by the decline in grazing livestock production due to a lack of quality labour, and thus by an increase in the proportion of unused or under-utilised grassland. In our experiments, we have refined the effects of a decade of zero, mulch, mowing and meadow utilisation on carbon emissions, soil moisture and soil temperature during two different types of years. We found that zero tillage with accumulated duff in the absence of utilization had the highest carbon dioxide emission values in different years, even at lower soil moisture values. Our results confirm the fact that fallow grasslands can be considered a source of risk due to their increased greenhouse gas emissions.
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Effects of organic fertilization on the structure and yield of extensive grassland plant populations
3-8Views:104The effects of different organic fertilizer inputs were investigated on natural grassland with solonyec soil conditions at the Karcag Research Institute. Mature sheep manure applied at 0-10-15-20 t/ha at single irrigation in early spring induced positive changes in stand structure and yield even in the semiarid spring of 2022. In the non-irrigated part of the experiment, the difference in the rates of organic manure was hardly affected.
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Impact of mole migration on soil factor indicators of extensive grassland
25-29Views:27We investigated the effects of mole walks in extensive grassland soil, focusing on changes in soil factor indicators, 3-3 times per year, in 2022-2023, in Karcag. Based on our results, we found that the drier year 2022 had verifiably higher carbon emission values, only on an annual average, than the wetter year 2023. We found no verifiable differences in soil temperature and soil moisture conditions. Based on our data, it can be concluded that the mammal of choice for the year 2023, the mole, does not have a significant impact on the carbon dioxide emissions of the grassland soil. Further studies in other habitat conditions are definitely warranted.
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Semi-intensification of an extensive grassland by plant and soil conditioning
25-27Views:96In the last century, the area of European grasslands was declining, as a significant part of them were turned to built-up areas, broken or afforested. In addition to the area reduction, in a significant part of Central, Northern and Western Europe, cultivation has been intensified in the cases of former natural and semi-natural, mostly extensively cultivated grasslands in order to produce higher biomass. Pesticides, organic and mineral fertilizers are also used on the lawns, the frequency of mowing increased and the lawns were reseeded. The structural of grasslands also changed significantly.
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Impact of a change of use on extensive grassland yields
29-34Views:84The impact of converting overgrazed extensive grassland to mowing was investigated in Karcag between 2017 and 2020. At the beginning of the experiment, the plant composition of the overgrazed grassland community, which had been overgrazed for 3 years, showed a high and continuously increasing cover of unconditionally weeds avoided by sheep, which presented clearly higher quantitative indicators in terms of yield values. However, in the grassland communities that were converted to mowing, the cover of unconditioned weeds decreased steadily at the end of the experimental period and the cover value of grassland components valuable for animals increased, thus stopping degradation and recultivation by conversion was successful.
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Effect of sheep grazing practices on the endoparasite population that can be recorded on grassland
17-23Views:9Sampling for the occurrence of internal parasites of sheep was carried out in three extensively cultivated Achilleo - Festucetum pseudovinae grass communities with different grazing systems but with the same site conditions, in 2022 - 2023, at the MATE Research Institute in Karcag, Hungary. The sheep grazing regimes studied were: pastoral grazing, rotational grazing, and permanent, delta - forest grazing used on all grazing days. Microscopic analysis of the genomes and numbers of potentially infective oviposition and L3 larval stage endoparasites in sheep pastures was carried out on samples of faecal matter from grazed pastures and grass samples prepared using a 'larval feeder'. Our research objective was to clarify the effect of different sheep grazing practices on parasite infestation in a semi - natural grassland community with a solonyec soil composition.
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Festuca pseudovina anyatövek termésképző paramétereinek vizsgálata
57-62.Views:73Tiszántúl természetközeli gyeptársulásaiban gyakori sovány csenkesz – általunk begyűjtött és három év szelekció során kiválasztott – 10 db anyatövén vizsgáltuk a morfológiai, illetve termésképző jellemzőket. A fűfaj tradicionális termőhelyi viszonyaitól televényebb termőhelyen végzett kísérlet célja adatbázis létrehozása a sovány csenkesz jövőbeni perspektivikus hasznosítási lehetőségeinek pontosítása céljából.
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Túllegeltetett természetközeli gyeptársulás rekultivációja legeltetés kizárással
45-53.Views:59Természetközeli gyepasszociáció hasznosítási módjának drasztikus megváltoztatása révén (egyoldalú túllegeltetés – évi egyszeri kaszálásra), a kísérlet harmadik évére azon parcelláknál, ahol a túllegeltetés megszűnt, input felülvetés és tápanyagpótlástól függetlenül, minden esetben csökkent a Borhidi-féle degradációs fok. Viszont azon kezelésnél, ahol a nagy állat (juh)-sűrűségű túllegeltetés továbbra is fennállt, kísérletünk harmadik évére a degradáció foka 3.0-4.8 értékeket ért el, s tömegesen megjelent az állategészségügyi problémákat is okozó Hordeum murinum.
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Degradáció mérése alulhasznosított természetes gyepen
47-54.Views:92Az állattartást kiszolgáló gyep művelési ág szerepe jelentősen hanyatlik a hazai legeltetett állatlétszám csökkenésével, ennek következtében növekszik az alulhasznosított, illetve az egyáltalán nem hasznosított gyepek területe. A Debreceni Egyetem, Agrár Kutatóintézetek Tangazdaság, Karcagi Kutatóintézetében négyféle gyephasznosítási módot vizsgáltunk három ismétlésben egy ecsetpázsitos sziki réten. Vizsgálatunk során meghatároztuk a kísérleti terület növényszerkezet összetételét, illetve meghatároztuk a talaj szén-dioxid-emisszióját, a talaj hőmérsékletét és a talaj nedvességét.
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Keskenylevelű ezüstfa hatásai külterjes juhlegelőn
39-44.Views:90A Debreceni Egyetem Agrár Kutatóintézetek és Tangazdaság, Karcagi Kutatóintézet extenzív juhlegelőjén végeztünk vizsgálatokat, melyek a keskenylevelű ezüstfa inváziós térhódítását érintették. A kutatásunk keretében Balázs-féle cönológiai felvételezést végeztünk, valamint megállapítottuk a Borhidi-féle degradációs fokot, mely azt mutatja, hogy az ezüstfával elfoglalt gyepek területei gyakorlatilag visszafordíthatatlanul degradálódtak. Talajvizsgálati eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy az ezüstfa csurgója által határolt területek talajmintái nitrogénban (pérték: 0,006), valamint foszforban (p-érték: 0,003) gazdagabbak, mint a vizsgált kontroll gyepterület.
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Delelőliget szerepének pontosítása extenzív juhlegelőn
39-45.Views:56Nyárfa delelőliget és nyílt pusztai legelő digitálisan rögzített klimatikus adatait hasonlítottuk össze adatbázis létrehozása céljából. Célunk annak pontosítása volt, hogy a legelőkertben szabadon mozgó nyáj kérődzési-delelési szükségleteinek mennyiben felelnek meg, továbbá a delelőliget klimatikus viszonyai milyen kulcspozíciót töltenek be. Vizsgálataink alapján megállapítható, hogy a delelőliget kulcspozíciót tölt be a vizsgált helyszínen a nyáj napi legelőn tartózkodási ritmusában.
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Szolonyec talajon kialakult zsombékok paramétereinek pontosítása
51-55.Views:71A szolonyec talajú szikes gyepeken a mikrorelief viszonyok s a rossz vízáteresztő képességű agyag különleges gyepfelszín formációk kialakulásának kedveznek. Az év jelentős részén vízállásos területeken a tájra jellemző zsombékosodás indulhat meg, mely alapvetően különbözik a lápi területeken kialakultaktól. Mivel a szolonyec talajon képződött zsombékokról minimális a számszerű adat, célkitűzésünk a hiánypótló adatszolgáltatás a zsombékok számbeli és térbeli felvételezése kapcsán. Vizsgálataink helyszíne a Debreceni Egyetem AKIT Karcagi Kutatóintézetének 1987 óta nem hasznosított, vízállásos gyepterülete volt. 2×2 m-es kvadrátokban vizsgáltuk, tíz ismétlésben a botanikai összetételt, a hektáronkénti darabszámot, zsombék magasságot, övméretet. Talajvizsgálatokat végeztünk a zsombékok alsó illetve felső részéből vett talajmintákból.
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Különböző komposztadagok hatása az extenzív gyep talajának néhány tulajdonságára
9-14Views:66After the millennium the utilization of the Hungarian grasslands is particularly important. We considered the priorities of the Darányi Ignácz Plan where the efficient utilization of the agricultural areas - including grasslands, pastures- by increasing the number of ruminants is the part of the rural strategy. The effective utilization of the by-product, the manure in croplands or pastures is particularly important, taking the increasing fertilizer prices within the continuously opening price scissor of the industrial-agricultural products into account. The patent of the Karcag Research Institute of CAAES RISF UD, the TERRASOL compost is a good alternative for farmers. We have already published the primary results of our grassland fertilization experiment, where we investigated the utilization of different compost doses and evaluated these from economic point of view. In this paper we examined the changes of the properties of the soil in the different treatments. We visualized our results by using GIS methods. We measured the moisture content, the penetration resistance and the CO2 emission of the soil of the four treatments. We determined that the 20 t/ha of compost dose is considered as sufficient to improve the investigated properties of the grassland soils under the droughty conditions of 2012.