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First results of the cultivation of prairie grass (Bromus catharticus Vahl) in Hungary
9-18Views:86Yield elements (plant height, grass yield) of prairie grass, the little known grass species in Hungary, was investigated in a three-factor field experiment set up on the Mohács-island. One-grass and grass/legume mixture were established under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions at different nitrogen levels (0-67-133 kg N/ha/year). The effects of these factors on the grass productivity were analysed by a three-factor analysis of variance at 5% significance level in the first year of the experiment. Nitrogen supplementation and the interaction of legumeXirrigation had a significant positive effect on the annual hay yield. The yield of the first two cuts, which accounted for 61% of the annual yield, was not significantly affected by any of the examined factors, while their effect was already clearly visible in the yield of the 3rd and 4th cuts. A similar result was obtained with the model fitted to the average height of the four cuts, but the legumeXirrigation and legumeXnitrogen interactions were already significant in the 2nd cut. Nitrogen had a positive effect on grass height from the 3rd cut. Without irrigation, the 1st cut showed a significantly lower grass height with legume addition. In our experiment, we estimated 65 t/ha annual fresh grass yield on average of the treatments, and 18 t/ha of hay was actually harvested. In the treatment of irrigation with legume addition, 1 kg/ha of excess nitrogen resulted in an excess of 150 kg/ha of fresh grass yield in the case of the higher dose nitrogen treatment, compared to the nitrogen control. The laboratory analysis of the 1st cut-hay samples from selected treatments confirmed favorable protein (16.7-18.2%) and crude fat content, its lower crude fiber content and higher calcium and phosphorus content compared to cocksfoot and smooth brome.
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Néhány időjárási tényező és a hozam összefüggése száraz- és üde gyepeken
39-42Views:54The yield of pastures will be impaired by the climate change as a result of reduced amount of winter and vegetation precipitation and the increasing number of hot days as well as the increase in temperature. Species composition is also due to change, however, this change will be more difficult to be determined as the increasing concentration of glasshouse gases has different impacts on the various components. Grassland is a water demanding culture; droughts reduce yield significantly and these losses should be compensated by an adaptive agricultural technology. On protected and Nature 2000 pastures, comprising giving 50% of Hungarian pastures – strict regulations prevent the application of yield increasing techniques, such as irrigation, fertilization or oversowing. The impacts of the weather may only be compensated to a certain extent by the utilization technology. The effects of 3 utilization systems and some elements of weather conditions with special regard to water supply were investigated on dry and mesic grasslands in the years 2006-2010. On the bases of the results some suggestions are set up for modifying the specifications on pasture utilization in nature conservation areas, by having the first cutting earlier and increasing utilization frequency wherever possible. On dry grasslands, yield was affected most significantly by annual precipitation, the precipitation in the vegetative period showed the second strongest correlation with yield. On mesic pastures, temperature and radiation had the strongest influence on the yield. Here, the significance level in the case of total annual precipitation was lower, whereas the correlation was not significant for precipitation in the vegetative period.
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Arsenic accumulation in English Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
67-68Views:31Arsenic contamination globally occurs in groundwater especially in deeper layers. Soil type, structure, water availability and land use both effect its concentration which varies between 10-170 µg/l. As more deep wells have been erected to access underground aquifers, arsenic accumulation became regular risk. Plants are in direct contact with groundwater therefore potential accumulators for heavy metals or metalloids. Through the food chain, both animals and humans are able to build up certain amount of metals and metal like salts. These elements accumulate in living tissues and may interrupt crucial physiological cycles (transcription, CO2-release). We focused on English ryegrass (Lolium perenne) because its known genome sequence and wide cultivar availability. This species is often used as optimal roughage for ruminants and horses. Also used as lab-plant because its fast germination rate.
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Effects of organic fertilization on the structure and yield of extensive grassland plant populations
3-8Views:87The effects of different organic fertilizer inputs were investigated on natural grassland with solonyec soil conditions at the Karcag Research Institute. Mature sheep manure applied at 0-10-15-20 t/ha at single irrigation in early spring induced positive changes in stand structure and yield even in the semiarid spring of 2022. In the non-irrigated part of the experiment, the difference in the rates of organic manure was hardly affected.
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Mineral content of floodplain meadows in the upper Tisza region
32-34Views:54Az állatok zavarlalan életműködéséhez a táplálékuknak megfelelő mennyiségben és arányban kell ásványi anyagokal tartalmaznia. A gyepek növényzelének elemtartalmát igen sok tényező befolyásolja. Többek között a hő, a csapadék, az öntözés, a talaj típusa és tápanyag-ellátottsága, a gyeptípusok, a fajösszetétel. a tenyészidőszak aspektusai, a növények fenofázisa, a gyephasználat módja.
A folyók árterében gyakran találunk extenzív hasznosítású legelőket, illetve természetes, nem telepített kaszálókat. Mivel ezen területeken kemikáliákat nem lehet alkalmazni, és a fajgazdagság nagy, igen alkalmasak arra, hogy a különböző növények elemtartalmát meghatározzuk. 2001-es évben négy ártéri legelőről, illetve kaszálóról készítettünk cönológiai felvételezést és mértük meg az ott található növényfajok elemtartalmát.
Azok a növények, amelyeket nem vonnak be szándékosan a termelésbe, vagyis tágabb értelemben használva gyomnövények, igen értékes elemei a legelők növényzetének, mert az állatok számára értékes mikroelemekben gazdagabbá teszik a legelőt.
Az általunk vizsgált területeken, az ideálisnak tartott 2/3 rész egyszíkű, 1/3 rész kétszikű aránytól eltérő arányokat kaptunk, de ez nem eredményezett Mn-hiányt.