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• The Study of Arabic language at European Universities

  Miklós Maróth

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  160

  The Study of the Arabic language on the European Universities. The study of oriental languages, among them that of the Arabic is among the oldest branches of the humanistic scholarship. In the beginning, one can see sporadic individual works, later well-organised activities that take us to the Iberian Peninsula, to Salerno and Paris. In addition to the Koran, philosophical, mathematical and astronomical works were translated from Arabic into Latin in the first half of the second millennium. Later, in the Renaissance, Italia and the Papal State became the centre of the Arabic scholarship. The main ambition of the age was to prepare the texts of the polyglot Bibles, and to investigate the Greek and Arabic medical works. In the following epoch, Leyden and Netherlands emerged from the range of the European universities. Here the aim of the Arabic scholarship was to support the international trade. The Arabic philology on modern sense have been created in Paris by S. de Sacy, who is the common ancestor of all European Arabists. In Hungary, we are attached to him by K. Czeglédy, de Goeje and his Dutch masters.

   

• THE PHILOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR IN EARLY FRENCH PRE-UNIVERSITIES

  45-64

  WILKEN ENGELBRECHT

  Views:

  67

  The article will demonstrate how early French pre-universities in the Loire valley began to look at texts written by Roman writers such as Horace, Ovid and Virgil with the aim of interpreting and explaining the text as Roman texts, without trying to search for ‘hidden meanings’. The article will focus on the philological Ovid-commentary by William of Orléans (c1200), this being a clear example of this philological way of thinking. This approach to classical ‘pagan’ texts provoked a strong reaction that finally resulted in an allegorising interpretation of the classical texts and often the elimination of such texts from the school curriculum. This was the situation which early humanists protested against.

   

   

  A tanulmány azt vizsgálja, hogyan kezdtek el foglalkozni a Loire-menti kora francia előegyetemeken római írók, például Horatius, Ovidius, Virgilus munkáival, abból a célból, hogy a szövegeket római szövegként mindenféle „rejtett értelem” nélkül magyarázzák. Jelen tanulmány Orléans-i Vilmos (1200 körül) Ovidius filológiai kommentárjaival foglalkozik, amely a filológiai gondolkodás kiváló példáját adja. Az ilyen klasszikus „pogány” szövegekhez való visszanyúlás heves indulatokat váltott ki és a klasszikus szövegek allegorikus magyarázatához, majd pedig gyakran a szövegek iskolai tananyagból való eltüntetéséhez vezetett. A korai humanisták tiltakoztak ezen helyzet ellen.