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• Igazoló eljárások a Debreceni Tudományegyetemen

  79-99

  Róbert Kerepeszki

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  261

  SCREENING PROCEDURES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN (1945–46). After the end of the World War II, at the beginning of the rebuilding of Hungary, the irst aim of the new government was the cleaning of the social and political life and the removal of the followers of the former political systems from the public ofices. So in the irst half of 1945, according to the orders and laws of the Provisory Government, People’s Tribunals and political screening committees were formed in every town with the membership of the ive so-called democratic parties (Communist Party, Social Democrat Party, National Peasants’ Party, Bourgeoisdemocrat Party, Small-holders’ Party). It was also necessary to screen the employees of the public institutions, especially the higher education because the “reactionary” and the extreme right ideologies were very strong in these middle-class circles, and many of them were the member of the Hungarian Nazi parties (the Arrow- Cross Movements) and other right radical social associations (Turul Association, Volksbund etc.). his paper presents the working, the judgement and the mistakes of the screening committee of the employees of the University of Debrecen. his committee was formed in May 1945 and inished its work in the end of January
  1946. In this short period the committee examined near 700 cases, but only 49 employees (professors, lectors, secretaries, other oicers, etc.) were condemned. he analyses of the working of the screening committee at University of Debrecen expands with new facts the image created about the spirit of the age, the higher education and the society of Hungary in the irst years after the World War II.

• Inscrutable Students.Searching for Enemy in Hungarian Universities at the Beginning of Fifties

  Petra Polyák

  Views:

  320

  „Unknowable Students”. „Searching for the Enemy” at the Hungarian Universities in the Beginning of the Fifties. The Communist Party organization of Hungarian universities, in order to fulfil one of their main tasks, i.e. to “unmask the enemy”, attempted to gather a lot of information about the students. They collected data through admission procedures about their class-origin, which was reckoned as basic indicator of their political reliability, while functionaries tried to force them to verbalize their opinion and to comment daily political events in obligatory courses of Marxism-Leninism and in other formal and informal discussions. Besides the identification of the “enemy”, the forcing of political statements had the purpose to get the chance to correct them. However, the overstraining of political issues, the circulating process of re-learning the same parts of Communist ideology over and over again, along with the overreaction of functionaries to politically “incorrect” opinions led to an unwanted effect. Reports on the effectiveness of contemporary practices of indoctrination stated several times that the ideological dissemination of knowledge does not provide some students with a world view, but rather a practical knowledge: the students, instead of revealing their real thoughts “learned to speak Marxism”.

• The HUNGARIAN COMMUNIST YOUTH LEAGUE AT THE HUNGARIAN UNIVERSITY OF ARTS AND DESIGN

  93-105

  András Szécsényi

  Views:

  236

  The aim of this study is to present the operation of the Hungarian Communist Youth League (Magyar Kommunista Ifjúsági Szövetség ‒ KISZ) of the Hungarian University of Arts and Design) (Magyar Iparművészeti Főiskola) and its impact on student life. The paper is based ont he author’s basic research in the MOME Archives, and the archival source material is based partly on the documents of the central offices of the university and partly on the documents of the KISZ. Consequently, it is primarily a matter of examining organisational documents; in the absence of ego documents, there was little opportunity to hear the narratives of the participants in student life dominated by the KISZ. The study primarily seeks to answer the question of how and within what framework the Communist Party organisation functioned at the College. On the other hand, it also asks to what extent the ideological framework, which was loosened during the Kádár era, influenced the art students in their everyday lives and how this affected the life of the youth.