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• Studies of the influences of different N fertilizers and Microbion UNC bacterial fertilizer on the nutrient content of soil

  134-140

  Andrea Balla Kovács

  Anita Szabó

  Emese Bartáné Szabó

  Views:

  59

  A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different nitrogen fertilizers in combination with bacterial fertilizer on
  nutrient uptake of horseradish and plant available nutrients of the soil. Three different N fertilizers, ammonium-nitrate, urea and calciumnitrate
  (116 kg ha-1 N) in combination with Microbion UNC bacterial fertilizer (2 kg ha-1) were applied as treatments in a randomized
  complete block design in three replications. In this paper we presented the results of soil measurements. The soil of the experimental area
  was chernozem with medium sufficiency level of N and P and poor level of K.
  Our main results:
  The amount of 0.01M CaCl2 soluble inorganic nitrogen fractions, NO3
  --N and NH4
  +-N and also the quantity of soluble organic-N were
  almost the same in the soil. N fertilizers significantly increased all the soluble N fractions. The amount of NO3
  --N increased to the greatest
  extent and the increase of organic N was the slightest. We measured the largest CaCl2 soluble NO3
  - -N and total-N contents in the plots
  treated with ammonium-nitrate, the largest NH4
  +-N in the plots treated with calcium-nitrate and the largest organic-N fraction in plots
  treated with urea.
  Bacterial inoculation also increased both soluble inorganic nitrogen forms and also total-N content of soil compared to the control. In
  the case of combined (artificial and bacterial fertilizer) treatments we measured lower NO3
  --N, organic-N and total-N compared to the
  values of plots having only nitrogen fertilizer treatments. On the contrary in the plots with combined treatments the CaCl2 soluble NH4
  +-N
  content of soil in more cases were higher than that of values with artificial fertilizer treatment.
  As a function of calcium-nitrate application increased AL-P2O5 and AL-K2O values were measured compared to control. Microbion
  UNC supplement of calcium nitrate yielded also increase in AL-P2O5 and AL-K2O values, till then supplement of ammonium-nitrate fertilizer
  yielded a decrease in these values compared to the control.
  All nitrogen fertilizers resulted in a significant decrease in AL-Mg content of soil compared to the control. Nevertheless bacterial
  fertilizer increased AL-Mg values in any cases.

• Fertilisation Effect on Quantity of 0.01 M CaCl2 Soluble N-Forms in a Long-Term-Small-Plot Experiment

  166-170

  Péter Tamás Nagy

  Views:

  45

  long-term experiments have an opportunity to investigate the effects of fertilization and plant nutrition. The paper reports the results achieved in the 39th years of a long-term-small-plot fertilisation and liming experiment set up on acidic sandy brown forest soil in the Nyírség region. From the 32 treatment, four replications, altogether 128 plot experiments with 10 treatments are summarized. We took samples after harvest of triticale, in August.
  We used a reliable method (segmented continuous flow analysis) to determine different (easily mobilized - 0.01 M CaCl2 soluble) N-forms of soil. The 0.01 M CaCl2 soluble inorganic and total N content and the UV digestable organic-N form of soil were determined by this method.
  The results are summarized below:
  – The mineralized-N (Nmin.) content of soil increased with dose of nitrogen treatment. Liming treatments increase the amount of Nmin.
  – The maximum content of easily mobilize organic-N-fraction was found in the upper (0-20 cm) layer. This fact due to the large amount of crop and roots.
  – Changing of content of 0.01 M CaCl2 soluble total-N-forms due to N doses.
  – The ratios of these N forms are variable. It is very important that the content of organic N fraction is not negligible and this fraction plays a main role in the plant nutrition.

• Study of factors controlling the amount of 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable Norg fraction

  437-449

  Emese Szabó

  Jakab Loch

  Views:

  181

  The use of new methods describing the “readily available” nutrient content of the soil is spreading on a global scale. The 0.01 M CaCl2 extractant is a dilute salt solution in which the easily soluble inorganic (nitrate-N and ammonium-N) and organic N fractions, P, K and micronutrients are also measurable. The 0.01 M CaCl2 has been tested in the University of Debrecen, Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Sciences since the 90’s. The results of the researches related to organic N fraction, performed in the last decades, and the results of the present study (originating from the long-term experiment of Karcag, 2007–2009) can be concluded as follows:

  The measurement of easily soluble and oxidizable organic nitrogen (Norg), besides inorganic fractions, could improve the nutrient management.

  The amount of the Norg fraction is determined by the soil conditions, therefore it is considered to be a site-specific parameter.

  Management practices and cropyear affect the amount of Norg as well. The present research confirmed that, the effect of fertilization on the amount of Norg can be explained by the changing of the yield (related to total biomass production), while the effect of cropyear is related to the differences in mineralization circumstances and yield as well.

  The measurement of the Norg fraction is increases the accuracy of N-supply, therefore it could prevent the environmentally harmful excess N application as well.

• Nitrogen Supplying Capacity of Brown Forest Soil under Different Cropping Practices and 0.01 M CaCl2 Soluble Organic Nitrogen

  17-23

  János Lazányi

  Jakab Loch

  István Henzsel

  Views:

  86

  The best known and most remarkable example of continuous production in Hungary is the Westsik’s crop rotation experiment, which was established in 1929, and is still in use to study the effects of organic manure treatment, to develop models, and predict the likely effects of different cropping systems on soil properties and crop yields. In this respect, Westsik’s crop rotation experiment provides data of immediate value to farmers concerning the applications of green, straw and farmyard manure, as well as data sets for scientific research.
  Although commonly ignored, the release of nitrogen by root and green manure crops has a significant impact on soil organic matter turnover. The design of sustainable nitrogen management strategies requires a better understanding of the processes influencing nitrogen supplying capacity, as the effects of soil organic matter on soil productivity and crop yield are still very uncertain and require further research. In the treatments of Westsik’s crop rotation experiment, nutrients removed from soil through plant growth and harvesting are replaced either by fertilisers and/or organic manure. Data can be used to study the nitrogen supplying capacity of soil under different cropping systems and its effect on the 0.01 M CaCl₂ soluble organic nitrogen content of soil.
  The aim of this paper is to present data on the nitrogen supplying capacity of brown forest soil from Westsik’s crop rotation experiment and to study its correlation with hundredth molar calcium-chloride soluble organic nitrogen. The main objective is to determine the effects of root and green manure crops on the nitrogen supplying capacity of soil under different cropping systems. The nitrogen supplying capacity was calculated as a difference of plant uptake, organic manure and fertiliser supply.
  The 0.01 M CaCl₂ soluble organic nitrogen test has proved reliable for determining the nitrogen supplying capacity of soils. Brown forest soils are low in organic matter and in the F-1 fallow-rye-potato rotation, the nitrogen supplying capacity was 15.6 kg/ha/year. 0.01 M CaCl₂ soluble organic nitrogen content was as low as 1.73 mg/kg soil. Roots and green manure increased the nitrogen supplying capacity of soil by more than 100%. This increase is caused by lupine, a legumes crop, which is very well adapted to the acidic soil conditions of the Nyírség region, and cultivated as a green or root manure crop to increase soil fertility.

• The effect of long-term fertilization on the 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable nutrient content of a meadow soil

  73-79

  Emese Bertáné Szabó

  Views:

  93

  During my research, I studied the 0.01 M CaCl₂ extractable NO₃^--N, NH₄⁺-N, Norg, P and K contents of the soil samples originated from a long term fertilisation trial in the experimental site Hajdúböszörmény. Relationships among the soil nutrient contents, the agronomic nutrient balances of the 2009 year, and fertilization were studied. 
  From the results of the study it was concluded as follows:
  – Fertilization significantly increased the CaCl₂ extractable NO₃^--N, NH₄⁺-N, and K contents of soil.
  – Norg fraction increased as a function of the increasing yield. Hence, it can be assumed that the greater the produced yield, the more the stubble and root residues remain on the arable land. These organic residues can result significant increase in the Norg content of soils.
  – The CaCl₂ extractable P and K contents were compared with the calculated P and K limit values. According to these, the experimental soil has a good phosphorus and lower potassium supply capacity. These results are in accordance with the results of the conventional Hungarian fertilization recommendation system.
  – It can be stated that the 0.01 M CaCl₂ is able to determine not just inorganic N forms but Norg fraction as well that characterize the easily mineralizable nitrogen reserves. The results proved that AL-P and -K (ammonium lactate acetic acid, traditional Hungarian extractant) are in good agreement with the P and K reserves, but it is important from the aspect of environmental protection and plant nutrition to measure the easily soluble and exchangeable K-, and P-contents of soil. 0.01 M CaCl₂ method is recommended for this.