Keresés
Keresési eredmények
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A mediáció lehetőségei a büntető igazságszolgáltatásban munkajogi szemmel
Megtekintések száma:37Mediation or agreement between perpetrator and victim in criminal law is a special form of damage reparation. Contrary to the simple reparation – where is no need to have a formal contract between the parties – mediation means a meeting between the parties to make an agreement that suits to both of them.
Development of mediation in criminal law has its roots in the birth of diversion. It was a formal legal procedure to rebuild the injured legal system and repair damages. The first programs of mediation have appeared in Canada and the United States.
Differently from the conciliation in labour law authorities have to define guidelines about forms of procedures outside the trial, about the process and modes of harmonization to preserve the prestige of state’s power of punish.
In the mediation process competence of making decisions are in the hand of the parties too. Parties have to order upon the agreement. This extra-jurisdictional form of agreement means that the potential victim gives up his right to accusation. This agreement frees the perpetrator from the criminal liability.
We can say that fundamental principles of mediation are the same in any fields of law, but mediation in criminal law has the most interesting and numerable specification because of the state power.
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A tévedés jelentőségének egyes aspektusai az élet, testi épség elleni bűncselekmények körében
Megtekintések száma:48I examined one of the grounds for the preclusion of punishability and grounds for the termination of punishability, which is error. Grounds for the preclusion of punishability and grounds for the termination of punishability, mean that punishability shall be precluded.
The error means- 27.§- the perpetrator shall not be punishable for a fact, of which he was not aware on perpetration. The person, who commits an act in the erroneous hypothesis that it is not dangerous for society and who has reasonable ground for this hypothesis, shall not be punishable. Error shall not exclude punishability, if it is caused by negligence, and the law also punishes perpetration deriving from negligence.
I examined how often the judge accept an error, if the person believe that he’s in the right, because he was attecked, or direct emergency menace. Or maybe he believes, that he is in danger of his life. Is it exceptional or not? What examine judge? It isn’t only hypothetical question, because very complicated task for the judge.
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A nem vitatott követelésekre vonatkozó európai végrehajtható okirat
Megtekintések száma:36Absztrakt nélkül.
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A lízing történeti fejlődése
Megtekintések száma:372The mostly economy-inspired legal institution of lease is a relatively new “multidimensional” formation in our law of obligations. Its evolution and development were mostly influenced by economic factors and motivations, which even today determine the intensity of its development. The historical and present day evolution of lease is closely intertwined with the current environment of tax law, accounting and the economy: favourable legal regulation or economic media may result in increased volumes of lease, while an unfavourable legislatorial decision or economic atmosphere may bring setbacks. Historical development in the event of lease is inseparably intertwined with considerations of economics.
The essay intends to provide an overview of the historical development of lease. We would like to present the development stages of lease in Hungary and on an international level. Outlining the historical development of lease, our purpose is to represent business, tax law and accounting impetuses that had a definitive role in the development and propagation of lease.
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Sztereotípiák szerepe a bizonyítási eljárásban
79-85Megtekintések száma:79The aim of the study is to present the creation, development and forms of manifestation of the stereotype, furthermore, to represent how the certain created stereotypes influence the public thinking. The main trend of these ideas is to review whether the different stereotypical assumptions are shown in the course of demonstration and if yes, how they are emphatic. In addition to this I attempt to show how the generalizations gain ground in the criminal proceedings, especially in the demonstration. Prejudice will be examined from the aspect how the way of thinking of the adult population is pervaded by discrimination in Hungary today. My aim is to present how much the generalizations gain ground in the criminal proceedings, within this in the demonstration. In course of information and data collection I was led to the conclusion that in these days the stereotypes play very important role. In the course of my observations it became clearer and clearer to me that numerous stereotypes come round us. We think about different groups of people, things, situations, concepts in stereotypes. The range of stereotypes is quite wide. Stereotypes always have been and will be in human culture. We need them since they help to orientate in the world around us but they can be dangerous as well, since they can affect the minorities, genders and different groups of people disadvantageously.
As I have already mentioned, the main trend is to reveal the criminal projection of prejudice. We have to deal with the stereotypes, we have to know them in order to be able to handle them. I am convinced that some kinds of stereotypes live in everyone, we think in stereotypes many times, even when we do not notice them. If the stereotypes extremely consolidate, stiffen, they can easily become prejudices hurting others. Prejudiced way of thinking hides very much danger, it is important to be aware of the prejudices existing in us and to try to get them over. From the point of view of the topic discrimination can realize in the course of arrest, demonstration, formal accusation and rendition of the judgement.
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Az egyenlő vagy egyenlő értékűként elismert munkáért egyenlő bért elv fejlődése az Európai Unió Bíróságának esetjogában
66-73Megtekintések száma:73Absztrakt nélkül
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Horpadások a karosszérián – felelős társaságirányítási kérdések az elmúlt időszak autóipari botrányainak tükrében
3-14Megtekintések száma:72The aim of the article is to examine the key corporate governance issues in light of the recent scandals in the automotive industry. The article explores the underlying reasons which culminated in the events of the General Motors ignition switch scandal, and Volkswagen's "Dieselgate". While these two events may seem unrelated at the first glance, however, the facts show that similar problems led to these scandals, most of which were deeply rooted in the corporate culture. Factors, such as the lack of clear and honest communication and the willingness to bend the rules show that the principles of corporate governance were not put in practice within these corporations. The author believes that by taking corporate governance seriously the scandals could have been entirely preventable.
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A közigazgatás szervezeti változásai a szabálysértési jog fórumrendszere tükrében
Megtekintések száma:126The paper introduces the most recent processes taking place within the Hungarian public administration from a special aspect and follows the system of the authorities of the misdemeanor law from the 19th century to nowadays. It presents the system of the monarchy, the councils and the period after the change of regime. The Constitutional Court with its Resolution no. 63/1997 (XII. 12.) declared the dual nature of offences – being against public administration and bagatelle cases pertaining to criminal law – and although with a different legal reasoning, it prescribed the right of access to court in both cases. The mentioned separation has resulted in conceptual problems exerting their influence to this day, at the same time the majority of authors dealing with this field instead of the majority opinion accepted the concurrent explanation of László Sólyom, to which Constitutional Court Judges János Németh and Tamás Lábady also joined. In 2012, however, several important changes took place simultaneously. The new Act on Offenses shifted towards criminal law while it terminated the right of local governments to regulate offenses. In parallel with this, the Act on Local Governments at the beginning provided an opportunity for the local governments to sanction anti-social behavior which was revoked by the Constitutional Court in the same year. The paper investigates the effect of the decisions of the Constitutional Court and analyzes the opportunities of public administration within the present legal framework to apply sanctions and defines those criteria on the basis of which the legislator could settle the current situation.
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A vasúti szektor teherszállítási teherszállítási üzletágának liberalizációja az Európai Unióban
Megtekintések száma:32Absztrakt nélkül.
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Kölcsönhatásban az európai emberi jogvédelem legfobb nemzetközi letéteményesei – avagy milyen hatással van az Európai Bíróság az Emberi Jogok Európai Bíróságára?
Megtekintések száma:46Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, was für einen Einfluss der „junge“ Menschenrechtsschutz oder Grundrechtschutz der Europäischen Union, insbesondere der Europäische Gerichtshof und seine Rechtssprechung an den „grossen alten“, d.h. an das System des Europarates haben kann. Das Thema ist vielleicht nicht gerade uninteressant für die Länder die in beiden Systemen Mitglieder sind (also praktisch für alle Unionsmitglieder).
Nach einer kurzen Zusammenfassung der Grundrechtsgeschichte der Europäischen Gemeinschaften befassen wir uns mit der Frage der Auslegung, der abweichenden Interpretation der Gerichtshöfer in Luxembourg und in Strasbourg (Teil I). Der Artikel geht auf die Frage ein, ob es gerechtfertigt sei über Wechselwirkungen zwischen die Gerchtshöfer zu sprechen und was für Zeichen dessen sich in der Rechtssprechung der EuGH für Menschenrechte wiederspiegelt (Teil II). Später erörtern wir die Frage der Reformversuche (Teil III), wo wir uns insbesondere auf den Vorabentscheidungsvorschlag und den möglichen Beitritt der Europäischen Union zu der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention beschäftigen. Kurz befassen wir uns noch damit, ob die beiden sich mit Menschenrechtsschutz beschäftigenden Systeme berechtigt parallel neben einander existieren oder doch eine andere Möglichkeit besser das Ziel – den best möglichen Schutz der Menschenrechte in Europa – dienen würde.
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A kényszermunka tilalma és a hátrányos megkülönböztetés tilalma összefüggései az Emberi Jogok Európai Bírósága esetjogában
Megtekintések száma:66The European Convention on Human Rights sets forth a number of fundamental rights and freedoms, including prohibition of slavery and forced labour (Article 4.) and the prohibition of discrimination (Article 14.). However, the European Convention on Human Rights prohibits discrimination only in relation to the enjoyment rights protected in the text of the Convention and did not originally include a provision proclaiming the equality of all before the law. As the European Court of Human Rights stated in Abdulaziz case: „Article 14 ... has no independent existence since it has effect solely in relation to „the enjoyment of the rights and freedoms” safeguarded by those provisions. Although the application of Article 14 does not necessarily presuppose a breach of those provisions - and to this extent it is autonomous -, there can be no room for its application unless the facts at issue fall within the ambit of one or more of the latter.”
In this study we examine only the relationship between Article 4. and Article 14 of the Convention. There is only one case, in which the applicant could call upon Article 4 and Article 14 together with success before the European Court of Human Rights: the case of Van der Mussele versus Belgium. For this reason we introduce not only this basic case, but lots of other cases, in which there were no discrimination in connection with Article 4. The applicants should find another group of persons are in analogous situations, which worsens the position of applicants seriously because of the difficulty of this condition.
In the above mentioned Van der Mussele case the applicant Belgian lawyer stated that Belgian lawyers are subject to less favourable treatment than that of members of a whole series of other professions, because in legal aid cases lawyers have to work without any remuneration, but the State accords remuneration to judges, registrars and interpreters in these cases. The Court emphasized that everybody could know the conditions of a profession in advance, and in the light of these conditions could choose it or not, and nobody compelled the applicant to be a lawyer. For this reason legal aid cases cannot be considered as forced labour, independently the remuneration of these cases.
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Az ember alkotta szabályok és azok objektív korlátai
45-50Megtekintések száma:94Diesem rechtsphilosophischen Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Kontaktsystem, das zwischen den Natur-, und Gesellschaftsgesetze, außer dem noch den juristischen Gesetze aufsteht. Der Verfasser in diesem Zusammenhang untersucht die natur-, und gesellschaftswissenschaftlichen Forschungserfolge, die philosophischen, rechtsphilosophischen und die rechtsgeschichtlichen Werke eben so wie, die gesellschaftlichen und rechtlichen Praxis auch. Aus dieser Untersuchung die Schlussfolgerung vom Verfasser ist die Folgende: Die rechtlichen Gesetze und Rechtsregelungen, die der Mensch mit dem Macht im politischen Praxis verfasst, müssen die natur-, und wirtschaftsgesetzliche Anforderungen im Anspruch nehmen. Diese Ansprüche fassen die globale Umweltgesetze, Pflanzen-, und Tiernaturgesetze und in der menschlichen Gesellschaft die soziologische, politische und sozialpsychologische Gesetze um, die unabhängig von der Menschheit wirken. Deswegen die juristischen Gesetze müssen zu diesen objektiv wirkenden Gesetzen anpassen. Diese Objektivsgesetze widerspiegeln im sog. Naturrecht, das mit dem Positivsrecht harmonisieren soll. Wenn diese Harmonisierung fehlt, das Positivsrecht widerspricht der allgemeinen Interesse von der Gesellschaft.