Keresés

Keresési eredmények

• Az orvos gyógyító tevékenységének polgári jogi vonatkozásai

  28-42

  Juhász György

  Megtekintések száma:

  477

  The article wish to briefly cover the civil liability of the medic. The actuality of this topic is exemplified well by the fact that court trials for compensation of damages against healthcare providers show an increasing tendency year by year. It is deem important to briefly delineate the drawing of line between the civil and criminal liability during the presentation of the civil liability. After speaking about issues of drawing of line, the study is going to cover the effective liability for damages of the medic. While explaining the liability for damages of the medic, it will cover the concept of legal nature of invasive procedures, matters concerning the liability of healthcare institutions, and the basic topics of tort and contractual liability. The article is going to introduce the issues concerning illegality, the patient’s right to self-determination, his or her right to information, the obligation of medics to disclose information, in addition to matters related to the concept of the legal nature of informed consent along with the connected judicial practice in the chapter about the informed consent of the patient. As for closure, during the analysis of issues regarding evidence, it wish to cover the rules of culpability, the choice for healing methods of medics, and medical documentation, respectively.

• A vétőképtelen személy károkozásáért való felelősség

  92-101

  Varga Nelli

  Megtekintések száma:

  395

  The new Hungarian Civil Code also modernizes the non-contractual liability law in several aspects. Even if the so-called general clause of non-contractual liability reamains unchanged, its contstitutive elements are regulated in detail in the new Civil Code. The new Code also introduces some new provisions with regard to liability for dameges caused by a person of lack of discretionary power. The objektive of this survey is to present these changes and to examine its possible impacts on judicial practice.

• Előreláthatósági klauzula a szerződések jogában

  Csécsy Andrea

  Megtekintések száma:

  252

  The essay is about the clause of foreseeability in connection with damages for breach of a contract. This seems to be a constant problem throughout the history of law how and when it is reasonably to limit the amount of damages in case of breach.

  The general principle of full compensation originates in the main purpose of private law, restoring the violated financial situation. At the same time in business relations it often happens that damages occurred as consequences of breach highly exceed the contractual interest of the party and generate indirect damages independent from the violator’s influence. This is considered to be the starting point of the dilemma about restricting the damages availably for compensation.

  Full compensation and its relation to breach of a contract occurred in the Hungarian jurisprudence many times. Miklós Világhy suggested the reconsideration of full compensation in contract law in 1971. Attila Harmathy also suggested the implementation of foreseeability clause in the rules of contract law as the ‘best possible way to treat business relations between the parties’.

  Due to the historic and social differences various forms of foreseeability are known in the legal systems.

  The study examines the development of foreseeability, its first codification in the French Napoleonic Code Civil, its application in the law of the USA and some significant sentences of English courts. The first application of foreseeability was in the infamous Hadley v. Baxendale case, in which an English court worked out the meaning of contemplation rules. In the case of Victoria Laundry Ld. v. Newman Industries Ld. (1949) the court defined the meaning of foreseeability. According to the sentence of the case damages are limited to those that were foreseeable for the party at the time of entering a contract. The study also analyzes the German model of restricting damages of breach. The German theory ensures the possibility of exoneration for the violator if the other party failed to give proper information about the unusual danger of breach in the particular case. If the entitled party acted intentionally, the German law accepts exoneration. The essay demonstrates the adequate causality conception of the German law. This theory states that an act can only be the probable cause if – due to the normal and reasonable procession – it is able to cause such consequence. In our opinion foreseeability gives a stricter and much better solution of restricting damages with a more objective measurement for the obliged party on how to calculate his behavior in a certain contractual relation. The amount of risk can be predicted if the rules of damages for breach are based on foreseeability rather than adequate causality.

  The new Hungarian Civil Code plans to establish objective liability in contract law. The only exoneration can be the successful reference to unavoidable external cause. Beside this stricter liability the new Civil Code also introduce the possibility of limitation in damages, the application of foreseeability clause. This seems to be a significant preference for the obliged party. As in the Hungarian legal history foreseeability clause was never used, it is an essential question how judicature will interpret the rule in practice. In our opinion for an adequate application of the new clause it is necessary to take a closer look at the United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG), the Principles of European Contract Law (PECL) and the interpretation in the American and English case law. This study tries to give some help for it.

• A vezető tisztségviselőnek a közfeladatot ellátó közérdekű vagyonkezelő alapítvány által fenntartott felsőoktatási intézmény hasznosító vállalkozásával szembeni felelősségéről

  121-153

  Stipkovits Tamás István

  Megtekintések száma:

  1

  A tanulmány a felsőoktatási intézmények gazdasági szerepvállalásának egyik kulcsfontosságú eszközét, a hasznosító vállalkozások jogi szabályozását vizsgálja, azon belül is a vezető tisztségviselő társasággal szembeni felelősségét. A kutatás központi kérdése, hogy a közfeladatot ellátó közérdekű vagyonkezelő alapítványi (kekva) struktúra megjelenése miképpen befolyásolta a fentiekben megfogalmazott felelősségi rendszert az állami fenntartói modellhez képest. A tanulmány az egyes kógens, választási lehetőséget nem engedő vagy megszorító rendelkezések kapcsán megvizsgálja, hogy azok szükségszerűen, valamilyen közfeladat-ellátási garancia formájában vagy indokolatlan korlátozásként vannak jelen. A szerző dogmatikai és jogszabály-elemzési módszerrel tárja fel a releváns jogszabályok – különösen az innovációs törvény és a nemzeti felsőoktatási törvény – rendelkezéseit. A kutatás során – részben – történeti áttekintés segíti a fogalmi változások megértését, miközben a tanulmány kritikai módon ütközteti az egymásnak ellentmondó törvényi definíciókat és kereszthivatkozásokat.