The regulation of expropriation law is indicative of the sound of rule of law. It shows how the state treats vulnerable groups, and people adversely affected by expropriation. In this paper I will give a short overview of the rules concerning compensation for expropriation, from the inception of expropriation law, right up to 2014. I pay particular attention to the characteristics of the regulation in the socialist era between 1948, and the regime change in 1989/1990. I expand on how Hungary tried to free itself of the burdensome heritage of the socialist regulation of that law, after the regime change of 1989/1990. Then I review the current status of legal regulation concerning compensation for expropriation that gives me a great opportunity to and explain suggestions de lege ferenda.

Competion in the field of Informational Techonology influences our everyday life; a competion realized in a global playground, not reduced into a national framework. Joining the discussion around optimal software protection, we introduce some foreign software regulations in our essay from different given aspects, and finally we analyse German legal solutions regarding softwares. Observation of foreign regulations related to softwares and their protection is needed because there are still a lot of unanswered questions around software as a legal instrument. Inadequacy of copyright to serve protection of softwares and the need to create sui generis protection come up in the latest researches. Furthermore, the number of inventions supported by IT and the number of software supported technological solutions increase in our days, and that moves this legal instrument into the field of patent jurisdictions and industrial property. Efficient legal protection is both a tool and a goal in the system, since elaboration and support of genuine ideas are priority interests. According to our opinion, it is not only the task but also the obligation of private law – as the law regulating basic rights of natural persons and legal entities in personal and financial context – to set up proper regulation in this system.

In the system of the Romanian Code of Civil Procedure the legal remedies that can be exercised against judgements are: the appeal, the second appeal, the appeal for legal contest in annulment and review. The appeal is the only ordinary remedy, while all the others are classified as extraordinary remedies.

The reasons for which the legal remedies may be exercised vary depending on this qualification, which means that the appeal is applicable for any dissatisfaction of the parties, whereas the second appeal, the legal contest in annulment and the review may be exercised only for reasons explicitly defined by the law.

The extraordinary legal remedies cannot be exercised as long as one may lodge an appeal.

A legal remedy can be exercised against one judgement only once, if the law provides the same term of exercising the legal remedies for all existing grounds on the date of declaring that specific remedy.

The judgement is subject only to the remedies provided by the law, under the respective terms and conditions, regardless of the particulars of its statement of reasons.

New types of assets has appeared in property lawsuits in the past 25 years, such as company shares (one of the most important kind of valuable rights). This fact made forensic experts - who deal with evaluation of these assets - to obtain additional comprehensive knowledge.  The Kuria quoted that "the expert opinion is an underlying proof for the court judgment, an objective and precise means of proof, which usually affects directly the decisions of the court," and I think the date of the completion of the trial can be affected significantly.

The author of the study and writing of the addition was designed to court pointed out weaknesses in the analyzed case by case decisions perceived peer involvement draws the attention of the interested public on the company's assessment of literature on the importance of knowledge. To that aim the light of the experience gained from the analysis of the case law, above all, the study seeks to publish the company's fundamental valuation basic concepts summarize the literature on the same value in generally accepted and applied definitions and outline the applicable assessment methods. It is certain that the regulation of property relations in the new Code requires the renewal of judicial regulation of professional activity as well.

Employment and occupation are crucial to ensuring equal opportunities for all and in large measure contribute to the full participation of citizens in economic, social and culture life. However, many cases of discrimination have been identified in the field of employment and the labour market.

In this study I try to examine how the equal treatment works in the EU Law and Hungarian national law, and I try to present the case-law of the European Court of Justice and the Hungarian Courts in this area. The first part of the study deals with the definition of key concepts (direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, harassment), and include its legal background – with respect to the directives of the European Parliament and the Council, and the Hungarian legislation. The second part tries to describe the legal concept of indirect discrimination, mentioned as justification (statutory derogation, objective justification). And finally I try to present the special burden of proof, which is used in discrimination cases.

Időszakos vagy megosztott idejű tulajdonlás a közös tulajdon speciális esete új szabályként került a román polgári törvénykönyvbe 2011. október elsejétől.

A tulajdonjog részjogosítványai nem feltétlenül egyformán és egyidejűleg gyakorolhatók. A tulajdon részjogosítványai közül a birtoklás annak ellenére folyamatosnak tekinthető, hogy egymást követő időszakok, szünetek vannak az ingóságok használatában.

Külön fejezetben kerül bemutatásra az időszakos tulajdon fogalma, meghatározása.

Az időszakos tulajdon több módon is keletkezhet, így megállapodással vagy végrendeleti örökléssel. Bemutatásra kerül, hogyan gyakorolhatja a tulajdonos ebben a tulajdonosi formában a tulajdoni részjogosítványokat. A polgári perrel kapcsolatos szabályok körében ismerhetjük meg a jogviták elrendezési lehetőségeit, így a társtulajdonos kérheti a közös tulajdon megszüntetését, de pénzbeli kompenzációt is követelhet a társtulajdonostól.

It was obvious at the creation of the 37^th Act of 1895 on the patent rights of inventions, that the protection of patents is a subjective right based on objective conditions, and in connection to this, the discretionality of both the monarch and any other state organizations. For the purposes of this act, the requirements of petantibility were: novelity; invetnion; susceptible of industrial application. Some of these criteria the article is presented the novelity, especially the case of publicly used. Under the first patent act, any new invetion capebla of being used industrialy can be patented, except medicines, food for men and animals, and chemical products, and if the Goverment opposes, warlike inventions. An invention was new, if it had not been published in print anywhere, or publicly worked, or patented by others in the realm. As a result the study is presented the evolituon of „publicly used” from the first patent act by the end of the second world war.

A Kínai Népköztársaság 1949 októberi megalakulásától kezdődően a modern büntető jogalkotás fejlődése a vesztegetéssel kapcsolatosan hosszú fejlődésen ment keresztül a jelenlegi antikorrupciós rendszerig.

Amiatt, hogy szoros kapcsolat van a vesztegetési bűncselekmények és a gazdasági modell között, a gazdasági rendszer változása különböző büntetőjogi válaszokat igényel a vesztegetéssel kapcsolatban is.

A tervgazdaság időszakában teljesen más a vesztegetések természete, mint az átmenet és a piacgazdaság alatt.

A tanulmány a büntető jogszabályok változását mutatja be gazdasági, társadalmi környezet változásainak összefüggésében napjainkig a lehetséges továbbfejlődés ismertetésével. Ennek során nemzetközi szerződések hivatkozásával még tágabb összefüggéseiben mutatja be a kérdéskört, miközben olyan kérdések is felmerülnek, mint a halálbüntetés lehetősége.

Absztrakt nélkül.

Der Artikel beschreibt die Garantien der Erreichung von eGovernment, das heisst was sind die Faktoren, mit deren Stärkung und Unterstützung elektronische Verwaltung verwirklicht ist. Unter den Hürden gibt es sowohl psychologische, als technische und finanzielle Barrieren auch. Das zentrale Element is die Strategie-Schaffung, die die einzelne Hindernisse abbauenden Massnahmen festlegt, Verantwortliche ernennt, und den finanziellen Hintergrund für die Entwicklung bestimmter Gebiete versichert.

Die Beteiligung der Bevölkerung, die Entwicklung und Stärkung der Rolle von Verwaltungspersonal in eGovernment, die IT-Entwicklungen, die Prozessoptimierung und Reorganisation, die organisatorische Erneuerung, die Umwandlung der rechtlichen Rahmen und deren Konvertierung an die neue, veränderte Umgebung und Lebenssituationen erfordern strategischen Ansatz und brauchen die Schaffung kurz-, mittel- und langfristiger Strategien. Die Strategien sollen ebenfalls flexibel, anpassungs- und erneuerungsfähig sein. Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit den Elementen einer idealen Strategie.

Die Herausforderungen und Chancen der Informationsgesellschaft haben sich in unseren Alltag verwurzelt und sie sind auch ein integraler Bestandteil der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Landes. Allerdings sind Finanzierungsmittel auch nötig zur Umsetzung der oben genannten Aufgaben, deshalb bedeutet die strategische Planung die exakte Projektierung der EU-Mittel, die sieben JahreimVoraus die Richtungen definiert, die die Unterstützungen abzurufen fähig und geeignet sind. Die Bedeutung von 2020 Széchenyi liegt in der Tatsache im Bereich des E-Government, dass getrennte Priorität in diesem Bereich zugeordnet hat.

Absztrakt nélkül.