As a result of climate change, agricultural production is facing ever-greater challenges, including rising temperatures, changes in the distribution and quantity of precipitation, and an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events. The aim of this study is to outline the role of precision farming in adapting to climate change, with a particular focus on remote sensing, drone-based data collection, water and soil management, and the application of vegetation indices. The methodological basis of the research is a comprehensive review of relevant domestic and international literature. The study carries out a comparative assessment of the climate adaptation technologies and practical applications of precision farming, drawing on scientific publications, book chapters, doctoral theses, as well as statistical and specialist data sources. Following a review of the literature, it can be concluded that precision technologies contribute to the continuous monitoring of cropland, the implementation of site-specific interventions and the more efficient use of resources. Vegetation indices – in particular the NDVI, GNDVI, NDRE, NGRDI (VIGreen) and the leaf area index (LAI) – have proved to be particularly important in practical application, as they provide objective information on the current condition of the crop and support evidence-based decision-making regarding cultivation techniques. When combined with an appropriate agronomic approach and state-of-the-art digital technologies, precision farming can significantly increase the adaptability of agriculture, thereby contributing to the realisation of sustainable crop production. From a practical perspective, the findings of this review can facilitate the more targeted selection and application of precision technologies and vegetation indices, thereby directly supporting farmers’ data-driven decision-making, increasing resource efficiency, and mitigating production risks arising from climate change.