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Kivonuló, zsugorodó vagy gondoskodó állam? A szociális törvény parlamenti vitájának elemzése a gondozási etika normatív szűrőjén keresztül
Views:111The 2022 amendment of the Social Act codified the principle of self-care in a stricter form than before, stating that "Everyone is responsible for themselves." The original wording of the bill submitted to Parliament declared even more clearly and sharply that "The individual is primarily responsible for their own social security." Professional organizations dealing with social policy and social work, as well as the independent press and opposition parties, unequivocally interpreted the amendment as a withdrawal of the state, while the ruling party that submitted the bill primarily referred to the principle of subsidiarity. Meanwhile, in recent years, social policy and social professions have increasingly been pushed out of the official state terminology, being replaced by the term "care policy." This study attempts to identify and evaluate the normative framework of legislation (problem definition, declared values and ideologies, conceptions regarding state involvement and human nature) by analysing the parliamentary debate on the amendment. Additionally, the analysis pays special attention to uncovering the meanings of "care policy" used by legislators and "traditional" social policy as presented in opposition speeches. Therefore, as the method of analysis, I chose a normative document analysis method based on the ethical values of care and political-philosophical assumptions. The study consists of three parts. First, I summarize the values that define the ethics of care and introduce the document analysis method called Trace, then follows the analysis of the parliamentary debate on the law, and finally, the evaluation of the normative framework.
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Gondolatok a szociális törvény módosításáról
Views:297In November 2022, the Hungarian Parliament adopted the amendment to the Social Law. The amendment deals with the levels of responsibility of the social care system in a new approach, strengthening the role of the individual and relegating the state to the background. In this study, I present the antecedents of the amendment, the most important events related to its adoption, and the basic principles of the new approach in comparison with the basic principles of social work. I will cover the most important critical points that arise during practical application.
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Zsidó közösségek túlélési stratégiái: Középkori gettók és közösségek
Views:396Judaism lived in a traditional society, which we call the Kehila, from the time of the Talmud (2nd to 6th centuries) until the European Enlightenment. Even after this time, some Jewish communities continued to live in this traditional community of values and rules, essentially defined by the Hebrew Bible (Tanach) and the Talmud. I would like to briefly describe this traditional Jewish society, the Kehila, highlighting only a few segments of it, which was a typical form of Jewish life between the 16th and 18th centuries. I will then turn to the social role of the family in the context of the Kehila, the traditional Jewish societas. My focus is on the so-called Ashkenazi, European Jewry. My approach is social-historical, and I use the methods of Jewish studies.
Jewish communities that have existed for thousands of years have survived to the present day despite often brutally hostile environments. In this paper, I want to examine some of the sociological characteristics of medieval Jewish communities. Are there any particular principles or patterns that we can observe and draw general conclusions from? How did Jewish communities survive for thousands of years?
In addition to presenting the medieval Kehila, the Jewish community, I would like to draw some conclusions. Jewish communities, as I will try to present descriptively, subordinated the individual and even the family to the interests of the community. The survival of the community was more important than the will, happiness, and interests of the individual and/or the family. Everything was subordinated to the interests of the majority. The operating mechanisms of the community implemented the total supremacy of the collective over the institution of the individual and even the family. This may have been one of the secrets of its success.
The Jews could adapt, their traditional-spiritual way of life predestined them to do so, and their survival was successful. -
Mentális zavarral, hajléktalanságban élő személyek segítése - a BMSZKI gyakorlatának rövid bemutatása
Views:208Persons living with mental disorders and homelessness belong to a particularly vulnerable client group. The stigma associated with mental illness reinforces the stigmatization of homelessness. If someone receives a psychiatric diagnosis, society treats it as a label and categorizes the person. Fear of being labeled undermines the motivation of people with mental disorders to seek help. A good example of this is the case of people living in homelessness and with mental disorders, who do not want to take on another stigma in addition to the stigma of homelessness and therefore do not use help or services in connection with their mental problems. Another difficulty is the problem of accessibility to services. The F3 report on the 2020 homeless data collection "After the criminal law - before the pandemic" Péter Győri's summary work Becoming homeless - services - perspectives shows that 29% of the respondents were receiving psychiatric treatment. The misconception that "homeless people are mentally ill, psychiatric patients" can be found in the work of Péter Győri (Győri, 2020). At the same time, we know that not all people with mental disorders appear in the care system, so there may be more than 29% of people who are affected by the problem. The Budapest Methodological Social Center and Institutions (BMSZKI) has developed a complex rehabilitation service for people living in homelessness and with mental disorders in cooperation with the Awakenings Foundation. The purpose of this paper is to present this practice.