Articles

Examination of the presence and effect of udder edema in Holstein-Friesian cattle

Published:
2023-06-05
Authors
View
Keywords
License

Copyright (c) 2023 by the Author(s)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How To Cite
Selected Style: APA
Tóth, V., Gráff, M., Köteles, D., Gulyás, L., & Mikó, E. (2023). Examination of the presence and effect of udder edema in Holstein-Friesian cattle. Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, 1, 125-130. https://doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/12070
Received 2022-11-30
Accepted 2023-03-08
Published 2023-06-05
Abstract

Mastitis is the most common disease of dairy cows and the most expensive in terms of treatment. For this reason, great emphasis must be placed on its prevention. Based on literature sources, it can be said that there is a positive correlation between the prevalence of udder edema and the occurrence of mastitis. Our studies were carried out in a dairy farm in Csongrád-Csanád county. So far we have collected data from 64 cows with udder edema. The severity of udder edema was evaluated on a scale of 0–3 points one week before calving and for 3 weeks after calving. We observed that udder edema occurred in 78% of the studied cows at the time of the first calving. After calving, the length and diameter of the four udder teats were examined. Both anterior and posterior teats were shortened in severely edematous cows. When examining the diameter of the teat, we found that, depending on the severity of the edema, the anterior and posterior udder teats were 2.5 and 1.6 and 1.6 and 1.5 mm thicker respectively than those of cows without edema.

References
  1. Al-Ani, F.K.A.R. (1984): Udder Edema in Cattle. Kansas State University.
  2. Al-Ani, F.–Vestweber, J.G.E. (1986): Udder edema: An updated review. Vet. Bull. 56:763–769.
  3. Alhadrami, G.A.–Faye, B. (2016): Animals that produce dairy foods: Camel. Reference Module in Food Science. Elsevier. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100596-5.00620–X
  4. Bar, D.–Gröhn, Y.T.–Bennet, G.–González, R.N.–Hertl, J.A.–Schulte, H.F.–Tauer, L.W.–Welcome, F.L.–Schukken, Y.H. (2008): Effects of repeated episodes of generic clinical mastitis onmortality and culling in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 91. 2196–2204. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0460
  5. Bascom, S.S.–Young, A.J. (1998): A summary of the reasons why farmers cull cows. J. Dairy Sci., 81. 2299–2305.
  6. Björkman, S.–Oliviero, C.–Hasan, S.–Peltoniemi, O. (2017): Mammary gland edema as a cause of postpartum dysgalactia in the sow-a case report. Reprod Domest Anim, 52:72.
  7. Caraviello, D.Z.–Weigel, K.A.–Gianola, D. (2004): Analysis of the relationship between conformation traits and functional survival in US Holstein cattle using a Weibull proportional hazards model. J. Dairy Sci. 87:2677–2686. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73394-9.
  8. Chiumia, D.–Chagunda, M.G.–Macrae, A.I.–Roberts, D.J. (2013): Predisposing factors for involuntary culling in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. J. Dairy Res. 80. 45–50. DOI: 10.1017/S002202991200060X
  9. Coban, O.–Sabuncuoglu, N.–Tuzemen, N. (2009): A Study on Relationships Between Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and Some Udder Traits in Dairy Cows. J. Anim. and Vet. Adv. 8:134–138.
  10. Conway, J.F.–Olson, H.H.–McCoy, G.C. (1977): Effects of sodium chloride supplementation on the incidence and severity of mammary edema and on serum sodium levels in pre-parturient cows and heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 60 (Suppl. 1):110.
  11. DeGroot, B.J.–Keown, J.F.–Van Vleck, L.D.–Marotz, E.L. (2002). Genetic parameters and responses of linear type, yield traits, and somatic cell scores to divergent selection for predicted transmitting ability for type in Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1578–1585.
  12. Dentine, M.R.–McDaniel, B.T. (1983): Variation of Edema Scores from Herd - Year, Age, Calving Month, and Sire. J. Dairy Sci., 66. 2391–2399. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(83)82097-9.
  13. Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (2001): Condition scoring of dairy cows. DEFRA Publications: London, United Kingdom, pp.1–8.
  14. Edmonson, A.J.–Lean, I.J.–Weaver, L.D.–Farver, T.–Webster, G. (1989): A Body Condition Scoring Chart for Holstein Dairy Cows. J. Dairy Sci., 72. 68–78.
  15. Emery, R.S.–Hafs, H.D.–Armstrong, D.–Snyder, W.W. (1969): Prepartum grain feeding effects on milk production, mammary edema, and incidence of diseases. J. Dairy Sci., 52. 345–351.
  16. Erb, H.N.–Gröhn, Y.T. (1988): Epidemiology of metabolic disorders in the periparturient dairy cow. J. Dairy Sci. 71:2557–2571. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79845-8.
  17. Ghodasara, S.N.–Savsani, H.H.–Vataliya, P.H. (2012): Therapeutic management of periparturient udder edema in Jaffrabadi buffaloes and Gir cows. Buffalo Bulletin 31. 111–113.
  18. Groh, L.J.–Mansfeld, R.–Baumgartner, C.–Sorge, U.S. (2022): Apparent prevalence and risk factors for udder skin diseases and udder edema in Bavarian dairy herds. J. Dairy Sci., 105:9934–9943.
  19. Gussmann, M.–Denwood, M.–Kirkeby, C.–Farre, M.–Halasa, T. (2019): Associations between udder health and culling in dairy cows. Prev. Vet. Med. 171. 104751. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104751
  20. Hayes, R.L.–Albright, J.L. (1976): Older heifers have more severe edema. Hoard's Dairyman, Jan. 25:75.
  21. Hussain, R.–Javed, M.T.–Khan, A.–Mahmood, F.–Kausar, R. (2012): Mastitis and Associated Histo-pathological Consequences in the Context of Udder Morphology. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 14:947–952.
  22. Ivemeyer, S.–Knierim, U.–Waiblinger, S. (2011): Effect of human-animal relationship and management on udder health in Swiss dairy herds. J. Dairy Sci., 94. 5890–5902. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-4048.
  23. Kojouri, G.A.–Pouryeganeh, M.M.–Nekouei, S.–Nazifi, S. (2015): Udder edema and asso-ciation with some serum biochemical measures and dietary factors in first calving cows. Iranian J. Vet. Res. 16. 345–349.
  24. Lamb, R.C.–Barker, B.O.–Anderson, M.J.–Waiters, J.L. (1979): Effects of forced exercise on two-year-old Holstein heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 62:1791.
  25. Malven, P.V.–Erb, R.E.–D'Amico, M.F.–Stewart, T.S.–Chew, B.P. (1983): Factors associated with edema of the mammary gland in primigravid dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 66:246.
  26. Medrano-Galarza, C.–Gibbons, J.–Wagner, S.–de Passille, A.M.–Rushen, J. (2012): Behavioral changes in dairy cows with mastitis. J. Dairy Sci., 95. 6994–7002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-5247.
  27. Melendez, P.–Hofer, C.C.-Donovan, G.A. (2006): Risk factors for udder edema and its asso-ciation with lactation performance on primiparous Holstein cows in a large Florida herd, U.S. A. Prev. Vet. Med. 76. 211–221. DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.05.004
  28. Mitchell, R.G.–Mather, R.E.–Swallow, W.H.–Randy, H.A. (1976): Effects of a cortiocosteroid and diuretic agent on udder edema and milk yield in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 59:109.
  29. Morrison, E.I.–DeVries, T.J.–LeBlanc, S.J. (2018): Short communication: Associations of udder edema with health, milk yield, and reproduction in dairy cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci., 101. 9521–9526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-14539
  30. Morrow, D.A.–Schmidt, G.H. (1964): Udder edema. Anita. Health Div., CIBA Pharm. Co., Summit, NJ.
  31. Mueller, F.J.–Miller, J.K.–Campbell, M.H.–Madsen, F.C. (2019): Prevention of Udder Edema in Dairy Cows. Dairexnet. https://dairy-cattle.extension.org/prevention-of-udder-edema-in-dairy-cows/
  32. Mueller, F.J.–Miller, J.K.–Ramsey, N.–DeLost, R.C.–Madsen, F.C. (1989): Reduced udder edema in heifers fed vitamin E prepartum. J. Dairy Sci., 72. 2211.
  33. Müller, U.–Sauerwein, H. (2010): A comparison of somatic cell count between organic and conventional dairy cow herds in West Germany stressing dry period related changes. Liv. Sci. 125. 30–37.
  34. Nash, D.L.–Rogers, G.W.–Cooper, J.B.–Hargrove, G.L.–Keown, J.F. (2002): Relationships Among Severity and Duration of Clinical Mastitis and Sire Transmitting Abilities for Somatic Cell Score, Udder Type Traits, Productive Life, and Protein Yield. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1273–1284. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74192-1.
  35. Nash, D.L.–Rogers, G.W.–Cooper, J.B.–Hargrove, G.L.–Keown, J.F.–Hansen, L.B. (2000): Heritability of clinical mastitis incidence and relationships with sire transmitting abilities for somatic cell score, udder type traits, productive life, and protein yield. J. Dairy Sci. 83:2350–2360. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)75123-X.
  36. Němcová, E.–Štípková, M.–Zavadilová, L.–Bouška, J.–Vacek, M. (2007): The relationship between somatic cell count, milk production and six linearly scored conformation traits in Holstein cows. Czech J. Ani. Sci. 52:437–446. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5002.
  37. Novotni-Dankó, G.–Dankó, Gy (2021): Different ideas on the pathogenesis and treatment of swine edema-disease. Acta Agraria Debreceniensis. 2021-2 DOI: 10.34101/ACTAAGRAR/2/10038 45
  38. Okkema, C.–Grandin, T. (2021): Graduate Student Literature Review: Udder edema in dairy cattle - A possible emerging animal welfare issue. J. Dairy Sci., 104. 7334–7341.
  39. Radostits, O.M.–Gay, C.C.–Hinchcliff, K.W.–Constable, P.D. (2010): Veterinary Medicine. A text book of diseases of cattle, sheep, goat, pigs and horses. 10th Editon. Saunders Publication, Philadelphia, USA.
  40. Randall, W.E.–Hemken, R.W.–Bull, L.S.–Douglas, L.W. (1974): Effect of Dietary Sodium and Potassium on Udder Edema in Holstein Heifers. J. Dairy Sci., 57. 472–475. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(74)84916-7
  41. Reddy, P.R.K.–Raju, J.–Redy, A.N.–Reddy, P.P.R.–Hyder, I. (2016): Transition Period and its Successful Management in Dairy Cows. Indian J. Nat. Sci. 38. 11691–11699.
  42. Roger, P. (2009): Problems of the postparturient ewe. In practice. 31:122-9.
  43. Rogers, G.W.–Banos, G.–Sander Nielsen, U.–Philipsson, J. (1998): Genetic correlations among somatic cell scores, productive life, and type traits from the United States and udder health measures from Denmark and Sweden. J. Dairy Sci. 81:1445–1453.
  44. Rogers, G.W.–Hargrove, G.L.–Lawlor, T.J.–Ebersole, J. L. (1991): Correlations among linear type traits and somatic cell counts. J. Dairy Sci. 74:1087–1091.
  45. Sánchez, M.F.–López, M.L.–Hernandez, S.M. (2013): El periparto de la vaca: apuntes prác-ticos. Editorial Servet. p.152.
  46. Schmidt, G.H.–Schultz, L.H. (1959): Effect of three levels of grain feeding during the dry period on the incidence of ketosis, severity of udder edema, and subsequent milk production of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 42:170.
  47. Schutz, M.M.–VanRaden, P.M.–Boettcher, P.J.–Hansen, L.B. (1993): Relationship of somatic cell score and linear type trait evaluations of Holstein sires. J. Dairy Sci. 76:658–663.
  48. Seykora, A.J.–McDaniel, B.T. (1986): Genetic statistics and relationships of teat and udder traits, somatic cell counts, and milk production. J. Dairy Sci. 69:2395–2407.
  49. Shahzad, M.A.–Mahr un Nisa, M.S.–Sarwar, M.–Khalid, M.F.–Saddiqi, H.A. (2011): Changing certain dietary cationic and anionic minerals: Impact on blood chemistry, milk fever and udder edema in buffaloes during winter. African J. Biotech. 62:13651–13663. DOI: 10.5897/AJB10.1832
  50. Shanks, R.D.–Freeman, A.E.–Berger, P.J.–Kelley, D.H. (1978): Effect of Selection for Milk Production and General Health of the Dairy Cow. J. Dairy Sci., 61:1765–1772. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(78)83800-4
  51. Slettbakk T.–Jørstad, A.–Farver, T.B.–Holmes, J.C. (1995): Impact of milking characteristics and morphology of udder and teats on clinical mastitis in first- and second-lactation Norwe-gian cattle. Prev. Vet. Med. 24. 235–244.
  52. Thomas, C.L.–Vinson, W.E.–Pearson, R.E. (1984): Relationships between Linear Type Scores, objective type measures, and indicators of mastitis. J. Dairy Sci., 67:1281–1292.
  53. Tilki, M.–İnal, Ş.–Çolak, M.–Garip, M. (2005): Relationships Between Milk Yield and Udder Measurements in Brown Swiss Cows. Turk. J. Vet. Ani. Sci. 29:75–81. https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/veterinary/vol29/iss1/13
  54. Tóth, V.–Nagypál, V.–Süli, Á.–Mikó, E. (2019): Invetsigation of culling practices on a dairy farm. RARD 8. 96–101.
  55. Vinson, W.E.–White, J.M.–Kliewer, R. H. (1976): Overall classification as a selection criterion for improving categorically scored components of type in Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci. 59:2104.
  56. Waage, S.–Odegaard, S.A.–Lunda, A.–Brattgjerd, S.–Rothe, T. (2001): Case-control study of risk factors for clinical mastitis in postpartum dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci., 84:329–392.
  57. Weiss, D.–Weinfurtner, M.–Bruckmaier, R.M. (2004): Teat Anatomy and its Relationship with Quarter and Udder Milk Flow Characteristics in Dairy Cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87:3280–3289. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73464-5
  58. Wildman, E.E.–Jones, G.M.–Wagner, P.E.–Boman, R.L.–Troutt Jr., H.F.–Lesch, T.N. (1982): A Dairy Cow Body Condition Scoring System and Its Relationship to Selected Production Characteristics. J. Dairy Sci., 65:495–501. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(82)82223-6
  59. World Holstein Friesian Federation (2005): International type evaluation of dairy cattle. VP/05.0393/AH/GvO, pp. 1–14. http://whff.info/documentation/documents/typetraits/type_en_2005-2.pdf