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• A mediáció lehetséges hatása a jogi kutatás módszertanára: egy ablak a nem dogmatikus jogi megközelítésekre?

  121-144

  Mourad Yousfi

  Views:

  153

  A doktrinalizmus dominanciája a jogtudományban, különösen a hagyományos kontinentális jogrendszerrel rendelkező európai országokban, elfogadott igazsággá vált. Mindazonáltal új jogi kutatási módszerek is jelen vannak, amelyek eltérő megközelítéseket alkalmaznak a jog tanulmányozásának módjára vonatkozóan. Ilyenek a multidiszciplináris és interdiszciplináris módszerek, amelyek külső, különböző tudományterületekre nyitott megközelítést kínálnak. Ezáltal ellentmondanak a doktrinalizmus belső logikájának, amely lényegében a “black-letter” érvelésen alapul.

  A mediáció olyan vegyes szociáljogi természetű folyamat, amelyről úgy gondoljuk, hogy elősegítheti a multidiszciplináris megközelítés iránti érdeklődést, különösen az egyre növekvő szabályozási tendenciák mellett, amelyek ösztönzik ennek az eljárásnak az igénybevételét, szemben a hagyományosabb és formálisabb eljárásokkal szemben, mint amilyen a bírósági igényérvényesítés, hogy költség- és időhatékony megoldást kínáljanak a jogvitában érdekelt felek számára. Mindazonáltal érdemes megemlíteni, hogy számos akadály létezik, beleértve a mediációval szembeni ellenállást is, amelyek gátolhatják ezt a folyamatot.

  A tanulmány célja, hogy áttekintést nyújtson erről a módszertani vitáról, valamint a mediációnak, mint alternatív vitarendezési mechanizmusnak a lehetséges hatásairól ebben az összefüggésben.

• The lead of the proceedings and the subjectivity of the judges – influence in the courtroom

  59-65

  Dalma Resán

  Views:

  232

  The image of the judicial proceeding and the impressions of the participants are defined by various facts. These are important things, because the prestigious environment and the skill-based human approach are key factors in the acceptance of the judgments. The article analyzes the possibilities of the judicial influence through examples: like the condition of the buildings, the appearance and behavior of the employees and the staff. The statements made by the accused during the investigations are also very important within these topics, because they can justify the charge and predict the process of the proceedings. The personality of judge has great importance in the lead of the proceedings – for example tone, questioning style, situation awareness and logic. These things above are definitely specify the way of the proceedings.

• IQ versus impressionability

  39-46

  Zsuzsanna Siket

  Views:

  237

  This is an essay about the connection of impressionability and intelligence quotient. The intelligence quotient of witness or accused has main role in the criminal procedure.

  So, what is the intelligence and the intelligence quotient? The intelligence is a mental power, that contains the quality of argumentation, contemplation, learning, problem solution and the abstract thinking. This mental power helps to understand the happenings in the world. The intelligence quotient of the witness or accused is very important, because the quality of perception is based on the intelligence quotient. The perception shows how they can remember the criminal situations. The intelligence quotient depedns on the the social and cultural enviornment, the inherited qualities, and the personal experiences.

  The important question is, which is the stronger, the intelligence or the impressionability. High intelligence quotient is a mean of the witness or accused to escape form impressionability. On the other hand, the authorities try to use the power of influence. So two powers meet in the criminal procedure, the intelligence and the influenceing, and usually the stronger is the winner.

  The intelligence quotient has main role in the part of the investigation and the trial. The warnings before the interrogation are written in the difficult language of law. So it would be a problem in the part of investigation, because the witness or accused does not understand these. Because of that they would say or tell something that they would not tell in normal circumstances. The low intelligence makes the accused confess their real or believed sin. The accused with higher intelligence quotient understands much better the warning, and they can use those possibilites the law premits them. Their combinative quality is higher, so they discover another solutions not just the confessing. The authorities shall pay attention to the intelligence quotient of the accused, because the extremly low intelligence quotient would be the sign of mental retardation. The mental retardation is a kind of pathological mental state. The accused who suffers in pathological mental state is not be punishable or his or her punishment may be reduced unlimited.

  The language of trials is also difficult and the other problem with it is publicity. The accused with low IQ feels shame because of their low IQ so they want to keep it secret. The accused becomes stressed in the trial so they lose their second chance to make things better, because they are not able to confess without impressions again. Low intelligence quotient usually cooperates with low ability of problem solution, so the accused with low intelligence can’t adapt themselves to the occassion of the trial. This circumstance would influence the judges, when they impose punishment, so the punishment would be stricter.

  The conclusion is that the accused with low intelligence quotient meets with some difficulties during the criminal procedure, so the consuels for the defence shall pay attention to them, and help their clients with comments of the legal texts. On the other hand, the authorities shall be out for the good knowledge of mankind.

• False confession as a result of suggestion in the criminal process

  Balázs Elek

  Views:

  232

  Often justice would be less miscarry, if all who were about to weigh evidence had more conscious of the treachery of human memory.

  The memory ideas of a person are objective reproductions of earlier experience or are mixed up with associations and suggestions. The possibility exists that police might obtain a confession from an innocent person in a crime he had never committed. It is even possible that false confession might lead to a false conviction.

  The power of suggestion devastates memory, and this remains entirely within the limits of the normal healthy individuality. If interviewing techniques were to be assessed in terms of the police claim that they are geared to an objective reach for the truth, then they would emerge as thoroughly deficient. The progress of psychological science can not be further ignored.